| 1. |
- Callbo, Paliz Nordlof, et al.
(författare)
-
Novel Associations Between Mid-Pregnancy Cardiovascular Biomarkers and Preeclampsia: An Explorative Nested Case-Control Study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES. - 1933-7191 .- 1933-7205.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prediction of women at high risk of preeclampsia is important for prevention and increased surveillance of the disease. Current prediction models need improvement, particularly with regard to late-onset preeclampsia. Preeclampsia shares pathophysiological entities with cardiovascular disease; thus, cardiovascular biomarkers may contribute to improving prediction models. In this nested case-control study, we explored the predictive importance of mid-pregnancy cardiovascular biomarkers for subsequent preeclampsia. We included healthy women with singleton pregnancies who had donated blood in mid-pregnancy (similar to 18 weeks' gestation). Cases were women with subsequent preeclampsia (n = 296, 10% of whom had early-onset preeclampsia [< 34 weeks]). Controls were women who had healthy pregnancies (n = 333). We collected data on maternal, pregnancy, and infant characteristics from medical records. We used the Olink cardiovascular II panel immunoassay to measure 92 biomarkers in the mid-pregnancy plasma samples. The Boruta algorithm was used to determine the predictive importance of the investigated biomarkers and first-trimester pregnancy characteristics for the development of preeclampsia. The following biomarkers had confirmed associations with early-onset preeclampsia (in descending order of importance): placental growth factor (PlGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-12), lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8, serine protease 27, pro-interleukin-16, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1. The biomarkers that were associated with late-onset preeclampsia were BNP, MMP-12, alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA), PlGF, low-affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b, and T cell surface glycoprotein. Our results suggest that MMP-12 is a promising novel preeclampsia biomarker. Moreover, BNP and IDUA may be of value in enhancing prediction of late-onset preeclampsia.
|
|
| 2. |
- Eriksson, Hannah K., et al.
(författare)
-
Does the Alpha-defensin Immunoassay or the Lateral Flow Test Have Better Diagnostic Value for Periprosthetic Joint Infection? : A Systematic Review
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0009-921X .- 1528-1132. ; 476:5, s. 1065-1072
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Measuring alpha-defensin concentrations in synovial fluid may help to diagnose periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). There are two commercially available methods for measuring alpha-defensin in synovial fluid: the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based Synovasure (R) alpha-defensin immunoassay, which gives a numeric readout within 24 hours, and the Synovasure lateral flow test, which gives a binary readout within 20 minutes. There is no compilation of the existing literature to support the use of one of these two tests over the other.Questions/purposes: Does the immunoassay or the lateral flow test have better diagnostic value (sensitivity and specificity) in diagnosing PJI?Methods: We followed PRISMA guidelines and identified all studies on alpha-defensin concentration in synovial fluid as a PJI diagnostic marker, indexed to April 14, 2017, in PubMed, JSTOR, Google Scholar, and OVID databases. The search retrieved 1578 records. All prospective and retrospective studies on alpha-defensin as a PJI marker (PJI classified according to the criteria of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society) after THA or TKA were included in the analysis. All studies used only one of the two commercially available test methods, but none of them was comparative. After excluding studies with overlapping patient populations, four studies investigating the alpha-defensin immunoassay and three investigating the lateral flow test remained. Alpha-defensin immunoassay studies included 482 joints and lateral flow test studies included 119. The quality of the trials was assessed according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. The heterogeneity among studies was evaluated by the I-2 index, indicating that the heterogeneity of the included studies was low. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and receiver operating curves were calculated for each method and compared with each other.Results: The alpha-defensin immunoassay had superior overall diagnostic value compared with the lateral flow test (area under the curve, 0.98 versus 0.75) with higher sensitivity (96% [90%-98%] versus 71% [55%-83%], p < 0.001), but no difference in specificity with the numbers available (96% [93%-97%] versus 90% [81%-95%], p = 0.060).Conclusions: Measurement of alpha-defensin in synovial fluid is a valuable complement to existing diagnostic criteria, and the immunoassay test detects PJI more accurately than the lateral flow test. The lateral flow test has lower sensitivity, making it difficult to rule out infection, but its relatively high specificity combined with the advantage of a quick response time can make it useful to rule in infection perioperatively.Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic study.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ernst, Diana, et al.
(författare)
-
Antibodies against MYC-Associated Zinc Finger Protein : An Independent Marker in Acute Coronary Syndrome?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Atherosclerosis is considered the pathophysiology underlying cardiovascular (CVD), cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases. Evidence supporting an autoimmune component is emerging, with imaging studies correlating MYC-associated zinc finger protein antibody (MAZ-Ab) optical density (OD) with plaque activity. This study compares MAZ-Ab OD on ELISA testing among patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) to healthy controls and investigates the association of MAZ-Ab to traditional CVD risk factors.Methods: Patients admitted with ACSs between August 2007 and July 2011 were included. Serum samples taken at presentation were retrospectively tested for MAZ-Ab and compared with serum from healthy volunteers with no CVD risk factors. Large-scale assessment of post-ACS prognostic relevance was performed using the established PLATO cohort.Results: = 0.436).Conclusion: MAZ-Ab OD was higher or all ACS phenotypes compared with controls. Given current understanding of MAZ-Ab function, these findings support an autoimmune component to CVD independent of conventional risk factors and indeed the extent of end-organ damage.
|
|
| 4. |
- Gabrysch, Katja
(författare)
-
Convergence of directed random graphs to the Poisson-weighted infinite tree
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Probability. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0021-9002 .- 1475-6072. ; 53:2, s. 463-474
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider a directed graph on the integers with a directed edge from vertex i to j present with probability n-1, whenever i-1(j - i). We show that the closure of vertex 0 in such a weighted random graph converges in distribution to the Poisson-weighted infinite tree as n→∞. In addition, we derive limit theorems for the length of the longest path in the subgraph of the Poisson-weighted infinite tree which has all vertices at weighted distance of at most ρ from the root.
|
|
| 5. |
- Gabrysch, Katja
(författare)
-
Distribution of the smallest visited point in a greedy walk on the line
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Probability. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0021-9002 .- 1475-6072. ; 53:3, s. 880-887
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider a greedy walk on a Poisson process on the real line. It is known that the walk does not visit all points of the process. In this paper we first obtain some useful independence properties associated with this process which enable us to compute the distribution of the sequence of indices of visited points. Given that the walk tends to +∞, we find the distribution of the number of visited points in the negative half-line, as well as the distribution of the time at which the walk achieves its minimum.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Gabrysch, Katja
(författare)
-
On Directed Random Graphs and Greedy Walks on Point Processes
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of an introduction and five papers, of which two contribute to the theory of directed random graphs and three to the theory of greedy walks on point processes. We consider a directed random graph on a partially ordered vertex set, with an edge between any two comparable vertices present with probability p, independently of all other edges, and each edge is directed from the vertex with smaller label to the vertex with larger label. In Paper I we consider a directed random graph on ℤ2 with the vertices ordered according to the product order and we show that the limiting distribution of the centered and rescaled length of the longest path from (0,0) to (n, [na] ), a<3/14, is the Tracy-Widom distribution. In Paper II we show that, under a suitable rescaling, the closure of vertex 0 of a directed random graph on ℤ with edge probability n−1 converges in distribution to the Poisson-weighted infinite tree. Moreover, we derive limit theorems for the length of the longest path of the Poisson-weighted infinite tree. The greedy walk is a deterministic walk on a point process that always moves from its current position to the nearest not yet visited point. Since the greedy walk on a homogeneous Poisson process on the real line, starting from 0, almost surely does not visit all points, in Paper III we find the distribution of the number of visited points on the negative half-line and the distribution of the index at which the walk achieves its minimum. In Paper IV we place homogeneous Poisson processes first on two intersecting lines and then on two parallel lines and we study whether the greedy walk visits all points of the processes. In Paper V we consider the greedy walk on an inhomogeneous Poisson process on the real line and we determine sufficient and necessary conditions on the mean measure of the process for the walk to visit all points.
|
|
| 8. |
- Gabrysch, Katja, et al.
(författare)
-
The greedy walk on an inhomogeneous Poisson process
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Electronic Communications in Probability. - : Institute of Mathematical Statistics. - 1083-589X. ; 23, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The greedy walk is a deterministic walk that always moves from its current position to the nearest not yet visited point. In this paper we consider the greedy walk on an inhomogeneous Poisson point process on the real line. We prove that the property of visiting all points of the point process satisfies a 0–1 law and determine explicit sufficient and necessary conditions on the mean measure of the point process for this to happen. Moreover, we provide precise results on threshold functions for the property of visiting all points.
|
|
| 9. |
- Konstantopoulos, Takis, et al.
(författare)
-
Convergence to the Tracy-Widom distribution for longest paths in a directed random graph
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Latin American Journal of Probability and Mathematical Statistics. - 1980-0436. ; 10:2, s. 711-730
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider a directed graph on the 2-dimensional integer lattice, placing a directed edge from vertex (i(1), i(2)) to (j(1), j(2)), whenever i(1) <= j(1), i(2) <= j(2), with probability p, independently for each such pair of vertices. Let L-n,L-m denote the maximum length of all paths contained in an n x m rectangle. We show that there is a positive exponent a, such that, if m/n(a) -> 1, as n -> infinity, then a properly centered/rescaled version of L-n,L-m converges weakly to the Tracy-Widom distribution. A generalization to graphs with non-constant probabilities is also discussed.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lindholm, Daniel P, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of Multiple Biomarkers With Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality After Acute Coronary Syndromes : A Secondary Analysis of the PLATO Biomarker Study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: JAMA cardiology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2380-6583 .- 2380-6591. ; 3:12, s. 1160-1166
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Mortality remains at about 5% within a year after an acute coronary syndrome event. Prior studies have assessed biomarkers in relation to all-cause or cardiovascular deaths but not across multiple causes.Objective: To assess if different biomarkers provide information about the risk for all-cause and cause-specific mortality.Design, Setting, and Participants: The Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial randomized 18 624 patients with acute coronary syndrome to ticagrelor or clopidogrel from October 2006 through July 2008. In this secondary analysis biomarker substudy, 17 095 patients participated.Main Outcomes and Measures: Death due to myocardial infarction, heart failure, sudden cardiac death/arrhythmia, bleeding, procedures, other vascular causes, and nonvascular causes, as well as all-cause death.Exposures: At baseline, levels of cystatin-C, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, high-sensitivity troponin I and T, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were determined.Results: The median (interquartile range) age of patients was 62.0 (54.0-71.0) years. Of 17 095 patients, 782 (4.6%) died during follow-up. The continuous associations between biomarkers and all-cause and cause-specific mortality were modeled using Cox models and presented as hazard ratio (HR) comparing the upper vs lower quartile. For all-cause mortality, NT-proBNP and GDF-15 were the strongest markers with adjusted HRs of 2.96 (95% CI, 2.33-3.76) and 2.65 (95% CI, 2.17-3.24), respectively. Concerning death due to heart failure, NT-proBNP was associated with an 8-fold and C-reactive protein, GDF-15, and cystatin-C, with a 3-fold increase in risk. Regarding sudden cardiac death/arrhythmia, NT-proBNP was associated with a 4-fold increased risk and GDF-15 with a doubling in risk. Growth differentiation factor-15 had the strongest associations with other vascular and nonvascular deaths and was possibly associated with death due to major bleeding (HR, 4.91; 95% CI, 1.39-17.43).Conclusions and Relevance: In patients with acute coronary syndrome, baseline levels of NT-proBNP and GDF-15 were strong markers associated with all-cause death based on their associations with death due to heart failure as well as due to arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Growth differentiation factor-15 had the strongest associations with death due to other vascular or nonvascular causes and possibly with death due to bleeding.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00391872.
|
|
