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- Dehlaghi Jadid, Kaveh, 1985-
(författare)
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Long-term outcome, socioeconomic aspects and postoperative inflammatory response in minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden, more than 2,200 individuals are diagnosed with rectal cancer each year and surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) was introduced for abdominal rectal cancer resection in the 1990s. Proven advantages of MIS in the short term include less intraoperative bleeding, less postoperative pain, faster postoperative mobilization, and shorter hospital stay. Large randomized studies have also shown that MIS is not inferior to OPEN with regard to the oncological short-term or long-term outcome.The aim of this thesis was to increase the knowledge of MIS from a Swedish perspective regarding long-term oncological outcome, socioeconomic aspects, and the postoperative inflammatory response in curative abdominal rectal cancer surgery.Study I included all patients who were diagnosed with clinical stage I-III rectal cancer during 2010-2016. More than 8,300 patients were identified via the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry (SCRCR). The study had a so-called non-inferiority design and investigated overall 5-year survival. The results showed that survival was not worse in patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery in comparison to patients who underwent open surgery.Study II included all patients who were diagnosed with pathological stage I-III cancer of the colon 2010-2016. More than 11,000 patients were identified via the SCRCR. The study was designed in the same way as Study I. The results demonstrated that minimally invasive surgery was not inferior to open surgery.Study III analysed the potential impact of socioeconomic status, measured as level of education and household income, regarding the likelihood of receiving minimally invasive surgery. All patients who underwent curative abdominal rectal resection surgery during 2010-2016 were included. More than 8,000 patients were identified. The results showed that patients with the highest level of education and those in the highest income quartile were more likely to be operated on with minimally invasive technique.Study IV analysed the inflammatory response, measured as serum C-reactive protein during postoperative days 1-5, in all 520 patients undergoing abdominal rectal resection in Örebro between 2011 and 2021. Following exclusions based on postoperative adverse events, 382 patients remained for final analysis. The study demonstrated a trend for a less pronounced inflammatory response in patients operated with robot-assisted laparoscopy compared with conventional laparoscopy.
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- Gadan, Soran, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Does a Defunctioning Stoma Impair Anorectal Function After Low Anterior Resection of the Rectum for Cancer? : A 12-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Multicenter Trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0012-3706 .- 1530-0358. ; 60:8, s. 800-806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Anorectal function after low anterior resection of the rectum for cancer is often impaired, and long-term outcome has not frequently been reported.OBJECTIVE: We evaluated anorectal function 12 years after rectal resection with regard to whether patients had a defunctioning temporary stoma at the initial rectal resection.DESIGN: An exploratory cross-sectional investigation of a previously randomized study population.SETTINGS: Twenty-one Swedish hospitals performing rectal cancer surgery during a 5-year period participated in the trial.PATIENTS: Patients operated on with low anterior resection for cancer were included.INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive or not receive a temporary defunctioning stoma.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We evaluated anorectal function 12 years after low anterior resection in patients who were initially randomly assigned to temporary stoma or not, by means of using the low anterior resection syndrome score questionnaire, which assesses incontinence for flatus, incontinence for liquid stools, defecation frequency, clustering, and urgency. Self-perceived health status was evaluated by the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire.RESULTS: Eighty-nine percent (87/ 98) of the patients responded to the questionnaires, including 46 with and 41 without an initial temporary stoma. Patient demography was comparable between the groups. No differences regarding major, minor, and no low anterior resection syndrome categories were found between the groups. The stoma group had increased incontinence for flatus (p = 0.03) and liquid stools (p = 0.005) and worse overall low anterior resection syndrome score (p = 0.04) but no differences regarding frequency, clustering, and urgency.LIMITATIONS: The study was limited by its sample size (n = 98) based on a previously randomized trial population (n = 234).CONCLUSIONS: After low anterior resection for cancer, the incidence of the categories major, minor, and no low anterior resection syndrome were comparable in the stoma and the no-stoma groups. Incontinence for flatus and liquid stools was more commonly reported by patients who were randomly assigned to temporary stoma, as compared with those without, which may indicate an association between temporary stoma and impaired anorectal function.
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- Gadan, Soran, 1976-
(författare)
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Long term aspects of defunctioning stoma following low anterior resection for rectal cancer
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden, more than 2 000 individuals are diagnosed with rectal cancer each year. Surgery is the main curative treatment, and involves removal of the tumor with the surrounding mesorectum in adefined anatomical plane. Intestinal continuity is restored by anastomosing the colon to the rectalstump at the pelvic floor. Leakage of the anastomosis is a potentially life-threatening complication, and is most common in low anastomoses located at the pelvic floor. A temporary defunctioning loop stoma (DS) reduces both the rate of leakage and the severity when leakage occurs despite DS. The use of DS has increased substantially in Sweden over the last 15 years, especially in low anastomoses at the level of the pelvic floor. The purpose of this thesis was to increase the understanding of different aspects of DS and its impact on anorectal function, long-term survival, cancer recurrence, timing of stoma reversal, and the risk of having a permanent stoma.In Paper I, the LARS score questionnaire was used to assess anorectal function among patients who had participated in a Swedish nationwide randomized trial. Those who had a DS (n=116) were compared to those without DS (n=118). After a median follow-up time of 12 years, patients with DS had a poorer bowel function than those without DS in terms of incontinence for gas and loose stools. No differences were found with regard to fecal incontinence, defragmentation, and urgency. Women and patients who had received preoperative radiotherapy had poorer anorectal function. Impaired anorectal function was associated with lower self-perceived health.In Paper II, a cohort of 110 patients from Örebro Region, Sweden, was investigated with regard to whether or not the DS was reversed within a 4-month period. Only 25% had their stoma reversed within this timeframe. Moreover, a third of the patients had a delayed stoma closure without any identifiable medical reason. This was an improvement compared to a previous study from the same region, which found that 58% of patients operated between 1995 and 2007 had a delayed stoma reversal without any identifiable medical reason. The most common cause for delayed DS reversal in our study was adjuvant chemotherapy (38%).In Paper III, the impact of DS on long-term survival and local and distant cancer recurrence was investigated in a nationwide population-based study cohort operated with low anterior resection (LAR) between 1995 and 2010 (n=4130), retrieved from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. Patients with a DS at LAR (n=2163) had an increased survival rate during the first 3 years afterindex surgery in comparison with those without a DS. Beyond 3 years of follow-up, no difference was noted between the two groups. There were no differences regarding either local cancer recurrence or distant metastases between patients with and without DS.In Paper IV, the risk of having a permanent stoma beyond 5 years after rectal cancer surgery was evaluated in 232 patients (excluding mortality within 90 days; n=2) previously randomized to DS or no DS. After a median follow-up of 15 years, 25% (57/232) had a permanent stoma. Of these, 23% (13/57) had their permanent stoma constructed at median 10 years after the index surgery. The incidence of permanent stoma was numerically lower in the group originally randomized to DS, but this difference was not statistically significant. Anastomotic leakage was the most common riskfactor for ending up with a permanent stoma.
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- Gadan, Soran, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Reversal of defunctioning stoma following rectal cancer surgery : are we getting better? A population-based single centre experience
- 2019
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Ingår i: ANZ journal of surgery. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1445-1433 .- 1445-2197. ; 89:4, s. 403-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim was to assess factors influencing the timing of defunctioning stoma (DS) reversal following low anterior resection of rectum for cancer (LAR).METHODS: All patients operated with LAR and a primary DS during a 9-year period were included. Reversal later than 120 days after LAR was considered as delayed. A DS not reversed within 2 years was considered as permanent.RESULTS: In the present study, median age at LAR was 67 years, 45% were females, median body mass index was 25, 87% had American Society of Anesthesiologists class I or II, 64% had pre-operative radiotherapy, and 3% had cancer stage IV. A total of 79% (92/116) underwent stoma reversal, whereof 25% (23/92) were reversed within 120 days. The most common health-related reasons for delayed stoma reversal were adjuvant chemotherapy in 38%, symptomatic anastomotic leakage in 16% and other post-operative adverse events in 13%. In 35% delayed stoma reversal was because of low priority within the healthcare system. A total of 18% (20/110) never had their DS reversed (n = 11) or had their DS converted to a permanent end colostomy (n = 9). Major risk factors for permanent stoma were stage IV cancer in 55%, and symptomatic anastomotic leakage in 30%.CONCLUSION: One fourth of the patients had their defunctioning stoma reversed within 120 days. The most common identifiable medical reasons for delayed stoma reversal were adjuvant chemotherapy and symptomatic anastomotic leakage, while in one out of three patients it was because of low priority by the healthcare provider.
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- Popiolek, M., et al.
(författare)
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Total Mesorectal Excision for Mid-Rectal Cancer Without Anastomosis : Low Hartmann's Operation or Intersphincteric Abdomino-Perineal Excision?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. - : Sage Publications. - 1457-4969 .- 1799-7267. ; 108:3, s. 233-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In mid-rectal cancer, the low colorectal anastomosis is, although feasible, sometimes avoided. The aim was to compare low Hartmann's procedure with intersphincteric abdomino-perineal excision of the rectum, in patients operated with total mesorectal excision for mid-rectal cancer in whom the low anastomosis was technically feasible but for patient-related reasons undesired.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 64 consecutive patients with mid-rectal cancer who underwent low Hartmann's procedure (n = 34) or intersphincteric abdomino-perineal excision (n = 30) at one colorectal unit were compared regarding patient demography, short-term oncology, surgical outcome at 3 and 24 months, and long-term overall survival.RESULTS: There were no significant differences between intersphincteric abdomino-perineal excision and Hartmann's procedure regarding age, gender distribution, body mass index, preoperative radiotherapy, tumor level, or cancer stages. Operation time was shorter in Hartmann's procedure as compared with intersphincteric abdomino-perineal excision, median 174 and 256 min, (P < 0.001), and intraoperative blood loss was increased, 600 and 500 mL, respectively (P = 0.045). Number of lymph nodes and circumferential resection margin were comparable. In Hartmann's procedure compared with intersphincteric abdomino-perineal excision, the need for reoperation was 24% and 3%, (P = 0.020), complications classified as Clavien-Dindo 3-4 occurred in 32% and 10%, (P = 0.031), pelvic abscess in 21% and 10%, (P = 0.313), and mortality within 90 days was 3% and 0%, respectively, (P = 0.938). In intersphincteric abdomino-perineal excision, the perineal wound was not healed at 3 months in 13%, and in Hartmann's procedure 15% had chronic secretion from the anorectal remnant at 2 years postoperatively.CONCLUSION: The results from this study suggest that intersphincteric abdomino-perineal excision might be an alternative to Hartmann's procedure in patients with mid-rectal cancer, in whom a low colorectal anastomosis is undesired.
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