| 1. |
- Forsgren, Sture, et al.
(författare)
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TNF-Alpha in the Locomotor System beyond Joints : High Degree of Involvement in Myositis in a Rabbit Model.
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Rheumatology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-9260 .- 1687-9279. ; 2012, s. 637452-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of TNF-alpha in arthritis is well documented. It may be that TNF-alpha is also markedly involved in muscle inflammation (myositis). An animal model where this can be investigated is needed. A newly developed rabbit myositis model involving pronounced muscle overuse and local injections of substances having proinflammatory effects was therefore used in the present study. The aim was to investigate the patterns of TNF-alpha expression in the developing myositis and to evaluate the usefulness of this myositis model for further TNF-alpha research. Human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue was examined as a reference. TNF-alpha immunoexpression and TNF-alpha mRNA, visualized via in situ hybridization, were detected in cells in the inflammatory infiltrates of the affected muscle (soleus muscle). Coexistence of TNF-alpha and CD68 immunoreactions was noted, suggesting that the TNF-alpha reactive cells are macrophages. Expression of TNF-alpha mRNA was also noted in muscle fibers and blood vessel walls in areas with inflammation. These findings demonstrate that TNF-alpha is highly involved in the myositis process. The model can be used in further studies evaluating the importance of TNF-alpha in developing myositis.
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| 2. |
- Gaida, James E., et al.
(författare)
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A pilot study on biomarkers for tendinopathy : lower levels of serum TNF-alpha and other cytokines in females but not males with Achilles tendinopathy
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-1847. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Achilles tendinopathy is a painful musculoskeletal condition that is common among athletes, and which limits training capacity and competitive performance. The lack of biomarkers for tendinopathy limits research into risk factors and also the evaluation of new treatments. Cytokines and growth factors involved in regulating the response of tendon cells to mechanical load have potential as biomarkers for tendinopathy. Methods: This case-control study compared serum concentration of cytokines and growth factors (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, bFGF, PDFG-BB, IFN-gamma, VEGF) between individuals with chronic Achilles tendinopathy and controls. These were measured in fasting serum from 22 individuals with chronic Achilles tendinopathy and 10 healthy controls. Results were analysed in relation to gender and physical activity pattern. Results: TNF-alpha concentration was lower in the entire tendinopathy group compared with the entire control group; none of the other cytokines were significantly different. TNF-alpha levels were nevertheless highly correlated with the other cytokines measured, in most of the subgroups. Analysed by gender, TNF-alpha and PDGF-BB concentrations were lower in the female tendinopathy group but not the male tendinopathy group. A trend was seen for lower IL-1 beta in the female tendinopathy group. Physical activity was correlated with TNF-alpha, PDGF-BB and IL-1 beta to varying extents for control subgroups, but not for the female tendinopathy group. No correlations were seen with BMI or duration of symptoms. Conclusions: This pilot study indicates a lower level of TNF-alpha and PDGF-BB, and to some extent IL-1 beta among females, but not males, in the chronic phase of Achilles tendinopathy. It is suggested that future studies on tendinopathy biomarkers analyse male and female data separately. The lack of correlation between cytokine level and physical activity in the female tendinopathy group warrants further study.
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| 3. |
- Gaida, James E, et al.
(författare)
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Asymptomatic Achilles tendon pathology is associated with a central fat distribution in men and a peripheral fat distribution in women : a cross sectional study of 298 individuals.
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 11:41, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Adiposity is a modifiable factor that has been implicated in tendinopathy. As tendon pain reduces physical activity levels and can lead to weight gain, associations between tendon pathology and adiposity must be studied in individuals without tendon pain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether fat distribution was associated with asymptomatic Achilles tendon pathology. METHODS: The Achilles tendons of 298 individuals were categorised as normal or pathological using diagnostic ultrasound. Fat distribution was determined using anthropometry (waist circumference, waist hip ratio [WHR]) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Asymptomatic Achilles tendon pathology was more evident in men (13%) than women (5%) (p = 0.007). Men with tendon pathology were older (50.9 +/- 10.4, 36.3 +/- 11.3, p < 0.001), had greater WHR (0.926 +/- 0.091, 0.875 +/- 0.065, p = 0.039), higher android/gynoid fat mass ratio (0.616 +/- 0.186, 0.519 +/- 0.142, p = 0.014) and higher upper-body/lower body fat mass ratio (2.346 +/- 0.630, 2.022 +/- 0.467, p = 0.013). Men older than 40 years with a waist circumference >83 cm had the greatest prevalence of tendon pathology (33%). Women with tendon pathology were older (47.4 +/- 10.0, 36.0 +/- 10.3, p = 0.008), had less total fat (17196 +/- 3173 g, 21626 +/- 7882 g, p = 0.009), trunk fat (7367 +/- 1662 g, 10087 +/- 4152 g, p = 0.003) and android fat (1117 +/- 324 g, 1616 +/- 811 g, p = 0.005). They had lower central/peripheral fat mass ratios (0.711 +/- 0.321 g, 0.922 +/- 0.194 g, p = 0.004) than women with normal tendons. Women with tendon pathology were more often menopausal (63%, 13%, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Men with Achilles tendon pathology were older and had a central fat distribution. Women with tendon pathology were older and had a peripheral fat distribution. An interaction between age and waist circumference was observed among men.
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| 4. |
- Gaida, James E., et al.
(författare)
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Response
- 2010
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 42:1, s. 215-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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