| 1. |
- Sagova-Mareckova, M., et al.
(författare)
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Expanding ecological assessment by integrating microorganisms into routine freshwater biomonitoring
- 2021
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 191
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioindication has become an indispensable part of water quality monitoring in most countries of the world, with the presence and abundance of bioindicator taxa, mostly multicellular eukaryotes, used for biotic indices. In contrast, microbes (bacteria, archaea and protists) are seldom used as bioindicators in routine assessments, although they have been recognized for their importance in environmental processes. Recently, the use of molecular methods has revealed unexpected diversity within known functional groups and novel metabolic pathways that are particularly important in energy and nutrient cycling. In various habitats, microbial communities respond to eutrophication, metals, and natural or anthropogenic organic pollutants through changes in diversity and function. In this review, we evaluated the common trends in these changes, documenting that they have value as bioindicators and can be used not only for monitoring but also for improving our understanding of the major processes in lotic and lentic environments. Current knowledge provides a solid foundation for exploiting microbial taxa, community structures and diversity, as well as functional genes, in novel monitoring programs. These microbial community measures can also be combined into biotic indices, improving the resolution of individual bioindicators. Here, we assess particular molecular approaches complemented by advanced bioinformatic analysis, as these are the most promising with respect to detailed bioindication value. We conclude that microbial community dynamics are a missing link important for our understanding of rapid changes in the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems, and should be addressed in the future environmental monitoring of freshwater ecosystems. (c) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )
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| 2. |
- Kubes, M., et al.
(författare)
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Induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha in murine macrophages with various strains of Coxiella burnetii and their lipopolysaccharides
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta virologica. - Bratislava : AEPress. - 0001-723X .- 1336-2305. ; 50:2, s. 93-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of various strains of Coxiella burnetii (C.b.) and their phase I and II lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) to induce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in peritoneal Balb/c mouse macrophages in vitro was investigated. Considerable differences in the induction ability were observed in dependence on the strain applied. In a TNF-alpha bioassay, the most effective inducers were both corpuscles and LPSs of the strains Priscilla and Scurry, followed by Nine Mile, Luga, and Henzerling I. In contrast, in ELISA, the most effective inducers were LPSs of the strains Luga and Henzerling, followed by Nine Mile, Priscilla, and Scurry. The role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the induction was confirmed by the use of C3H/HeJ mouse macrophages. Thus, the induction of TNF-alpha was much higher in Balb/c mouse macrophages than that in TLR4-deficient C3H/HeJ mouse macrophages. Differences in the results of the bioassay and those of ELISA suggest a role of another secreted factor(s) induced with C.b. in murine macrophages that could act synergically with TNF-alpha in L929 cells in the bioassay. The observed differences in TNF-alpha induction might play a role in the pathobiology of Q fever.
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