| 1. |
- Dingwell, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal and diurnal patterns in the dispersion of SO2 from Mt. Nyiragongo
- 2016
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2844 .- 1352-2310. ; 132, s. 19-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mt. Nyiragongo is an active volcano located in the Democratic Republic of Congo, close to the border of Rwanda and about 15 km north of the city of Goma (~ 1,000,000 inhabitants). Gases emitted from Nyiragongo might pose a persistent hazard to local inhabitants and the environment. While both ground- and satellite-based observations of the emissions exist, prior to this study, no detailed analysis of the dispersion of the emissions have been made. We have conducted a dispersion study, using a modelling system to determine the geographical distribution of SO2.A combination of a meteorological model (WRF), a Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART-WRF) and flux data based on DOAS measurements from the NOVAC-network is used. Since observations can only be made during the day, we use random sampling of fluxes and ensemble modelling to estimate night-time emissions.Seasonal variations in the dispersion follows the migration of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone. In June-August, the area with the highest surface concentrations is located to the northwest, and in December-February, to the southwest of the source. Diurnal variations in surface concentrations were determined by the development of the planetary boundary layer and the lake-/land breeze cycle around lake Kivu. Both processes contribute to low surface concentrations during the day and high concentrations during the night. However, the strong northerly trade winds in November-March weakened the lake breeze, contributing to higher daytime surface concentrations along the northern shore of Lake Kivu, including the city of Goma. For further analysis and measurements, it is important to include both seasonal and diurnal cycles in order to safely cover periods of high and potentially hazardous concentrations.
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| 2. |
- Dingwell, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Using DOAS traverses and atmospheric modelling to determine plumeheight and eruption rate of the 2015 Holuhraun eruption
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The fissure eruption in Holuhraun — part of the Barðarbunga volcanic system — in 2014–2015 was amajor emitter of SO 2 . We present estimates of the SO 2 release rate of the eruption based on inverseatmospheric modelling and mobile-DOAS measurements made 80–240 km downwind of the main fissurevent. The FLEXPART-WRF and FLEXPART models are used to simulate the dispersion, using differentmeteorological data sets as input. Different inversion schemes were used to determine emission rates basedon modelled and measured column densities. The results were compared with OMI satellite observationsfor validation. This is, to our knowledge, the first case where a ground-based mobile-DOAS measurementshave been used in an atmospheric dispersion model for inverse modelling.Comparisons were made between dispersion simulations based on meteorological data from different con-figurations of the WRF-model (at a resolution of 1.5 km); comparisons were also made using analysis andforecast data from ECMWF (at 0.2 degree resolution). Dispersion simulations based on data from ECMWFshowed better agreement with OMI satellite data than any of the simulations based on data from WRF.The inversion technique produced less variable emission rates compared to previous estimates, except duringperiods with low directional wind shear. Plume heights determined by the inverse modelling were below4 km for all periods.We estimate the emission rate of the eruption to 500 kg/s in September 2014 and to 150 kg/s in thebeginning of February 2015, with a steady decrease over time.
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| 3. |
- Ogbe, Emilomo, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunities for linking research to policy : lessons learned from implementation research in sexual and reproductive health within the ANSER network
- 2018
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Ingår i: Health Research Policy and Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-4505. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The uptake of findings from sexual and reproductive health and rights research into policy-making remains a complex and non-linear process. Different models of research utilisation and guidelines to maximise this in policy-making exist, however, challenges still remain for researchers to improve uptake of their research findings and for policy-makers to use research evidence in their work.Methods: A participatory workshop with researchers was organised in November 2017 by the Academic Network for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Policy (ANSER) to address this gap. ANSER is a consortium of experienced researchers, some of whom have policy-making experience, working on sexual and reproductive health and rights issues across 16 countries and 5 continents. The experiential learning cycle was used to guide the workshop discussions based on case studies and to encourage participants to focus on key lessons learned. Workshop findings were thematically analysed using specific stages from Hanney et al.'s (Health Res Policy Syst 1:2, 2003) framework on the place of policy-making in the stages of assessment of research utilisation and outcomes.Results; The workshop identified key strategies for translating research into policy, including joint agenda-setting between researchers and policy-makers, as well as building trust and partnerships with different stakeholders. These were linked to stages within Hanney et al.'s framework as opportunities for engaging with policy-makers to ensure uptake of research findings.Conclusion: The engagement of stakeholders during the research development and implementation phases, especially at strategic moments, has a positive impact on uptake of research findings. The strategies and stages described in this paper can be applied to improve utilisation of research findings into policy development and implementation globally.
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