| 1. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Naghavi, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 385:9963, s. 117-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specifi c all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specifi c causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. Findings Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute diff erences between countries decreased but relative diff erences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative diff erences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100 000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions. Interpretation For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specifi c mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.
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| 5. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 6. |
- Abbasi, Rasha, et al.
(författare)
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IceCube search for neutrinos from GRB 221009A
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference - PoS(ICRC 2023). - : Sissa Medialab. ; , s. 1511-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) ever observed. The observed extremelyhigh flux of high and very-high-energy photons provide a unique opportunity to probe the predictedneutrino counterpart to the electromagnetic emission. We have used a variety of methods to searchfor neutrinos in coincidence with the GRB over several time windows during the precursor, promptand afterglow phases of the GRB. MeV scale neutrinos are studied using photo-multiplier ratescalers which are normally used to search for galactic core-collapse supernovae neutrinos. GeVneutrinos are searched starting with DeepCore triggers. These events don’t have directionallocalization, but instead can indicate an excess in the rate of events. 10 GeV - 1 TeV and >TeVneutrinos are searched using traditional neutrino point source methods which take into accountthe direction and time of events with DeepCore and the entire IceCube detector respectively. The>TeV results include both a fast-response analysis conducted by IceCube in real-time with timewindows of T0 − 1 to T0 + 2 hours and T0 ± 1 day around the time of GRB 221009A, as well asan offline analysis with 3 new time windows up to a time window of T0 − 1 to T0 + 14 days, thelongest time period we consider. The combination of observations by IceCube covers 9 ordersof magnitude in neutrino energy, from MeV to PeV, placing upper limits across the range forpredicted neutrino emission.
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| 7. |
- Atluri, Rambabu, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Co-Structure Directing Agent Induced Phase Transformation of Mesoporous Materials
- 2009
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 25:5, s. 3189-3195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of cubic Pm (3) over barn mesocaged solid templated by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (C(16)TMABr) surfactant by direct cocondensation of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilanes (APES) under strong alkaline conditions is reported. The novel route gives direct incorporation of amino functional groups on the porous silica wall, and the structural formation has been followed by means of in situ SAXS studies performed at a synchrotron beam line. Data shows that a molar ratio of C(16)TMABr/APES = 0.6 favors the formation of 3D cubic mesocaged solid with Pm3n symmetry which transforms to a cylindrical mesoporous phase with p6mm symmetry at higher molar ratios. Further structural evaluation has been performed by means electron crystallography (EC). Reconstructed 3D models based on EC show the presence of spherical cages (A-cages, 45 angstrom) and ellipsoidal cages (B-cages, 48 x 43 angstrom) whereby every cage in the unit cell is connected to 14 nearest cages with a window size of 18 angstrom. Finally, a mechanism is proposed, denoted S+similar to N degrees I-, in which penetration of the neutral aminopropyl moiety within the micellar corona is responsible for the formation of the Pm (3) over barn phase, accounting for the formation of the hexagonal phase at higher molar ratios and higher temperatures. In comparison to other mesocaged materials with the same symmetry this structure possesses a more open porous network which will help assess its potential in a variety of applications discussed herein.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Atluri, Rambabu, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrothermal Phase Transformation of Bicontinuous Cubic Mesoporous Material AMS-6
- 2008
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 20:12, s. 3857–3866-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The controlled synthesis of ordered anionic surfactant templated mesoporous silica with cubic Ia3d̅ structure (AMS-6) is reported via prolonged periods of hydrothermal treatment (HT). The cubic Ia3d̅ mesophase transforms to hexagonal p6mm after 8 days of HT at 100 °C. Surprisingly, the hexagonal phase is stable only for a limited period after which a reversal to the cubic Ia3d̅ mesostructure is observed. Characterization methods such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), N2-isotherms, magic-angle spinning (MAS) 29Si NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) have been employed to follow structural and textural changes of the materials prepared. Data show that the resultant mesostructure and its textural properties are highly dependent on the period of HT with less unit-cell shrinkage on calcination after extensive HT. Furthermore, evidence of two different solid−solid phase mechanisms during HT is presented. The initial transition is consistent with a restructuring of the surfactant packing and a depletion of the organic moieties from the organo-silica wall as evident from 29Si NMR spectroscopy. The return to the bicontinuous cubic phase is driven by changes in charge matching at the organic−inorganic interface as a result of increases in the polymerization of the silica wall. The textural properties, and in particular the presence or absence of surface porosity, has been controlled through variations in hydrothermal treatment. These are associated with specific growth directions of cubic AMS-6 crystals. The synthetic method described allows us to easily prepare phase pure and intermediate mesostructured nanoparticles.
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