| 1. |
- Anzt, Hartwig, et al.
(författare)
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An environment for sustainable research software in Germany and beyond: current state, open challenges, and call for action
- 2020
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Ingår i: F1000 Research. - : F1000 Research Ltd. - 2046-1402. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research software has become a central asset in academic research. It optimizes existing and enables new research methods, implements and embeds research knowledge, and constitutes an essential research product in itself. Research software must be sustainable in order to understand, replicate, reproduce, and build upon existing research or conduct new research effectively. In other words, software must be available, discoverable, usable, and adaptable to new needs, both now and in the future. Research software therefore requires an environment that supports sustainability. Hence, a change is needed in the way research software development and maintenance are currently motivated, incentivized, funded, structurally and infrastructurally supported, and legally treated. Failing to do so will threaten the quality and validity of research. In this paper, we identify challenges for research software sustainability in Germany and beyond, in terms of motivation, selection, research software engineering personnel, funding, infrastructure, and legal aspects. Besides researchers, we specifically address political and academic decision-makers to increase awareness of the importance and needs of sustainable research software practices. In particular, we recommend strategies and measures to create an environment for sustainable research software, with the ultimate goal to ensure that software-driven research is valid, reproducible and sustainable, and that software is recognized as a first class citizen in research. This paper is the outcome of two workshops run in Germany in 2019, at deRSE19 - the first International Conference of Research Software Engineers in Germany - and a dedicated DFG-supported follow-up workshop in Berlin.
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| 2. |
- Gast, Volker, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of persistence and diffusibility in the European lexicon
- 2022
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Ingår i: Linguistic typology. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1430-0532 .- 1613-415X. ; 26:2, s. 403-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates to what extent the semantics and the phonological forms of lexical items are genealogically inherited or acquired through language contact. We focus on patterns of colexification (the encoding of two concepts with the same word) as an aspect of lexical-semantic organization. We test two pairs of hypotheses. The first pair concerns the genealogical stability (persistence) and susceptibility to contact-induced change (diffusibility) of colexification patterns and phonological matter in the 40 most genealogically stable elements of the 100-items Swadesh list, which we call “nuclear vocabulary”. We hypothesize that colexification patterns are (a) less persistent, and (b) more diffusible, than the phonological form of nuclear vocabulary. The second pair of hypotheses concerns degrees of diffusibility in two different sections of the lexicon – “core vocabulary” (all 100 elements of the Swadesh list) and its complement (“non-core/peripheral vocabulary”). We hypothesize that the colexification patterns associated with core vocabulary are (a) more persistent, and (b) less diffusible, than colexification patterns associated with peripheral vocabulary. The four hypotheses are tested using the lexical-semantic data from the CLICS database and independently determined phonological dissimilarity measures. The hypothesis that colexification patterns are less persistent than the phonological matter of nuclear vocabulary receives clear support. The hypothesis that colexification patterns are more diffusible than phonological matter receives some support, but a significant difference can only be observed for unrelated languages. The hypothesis that colexification patterns involving core vocabulary are more genealogically stable than colexification patterns at the periphery of the lexicon cannot be confirmed, but the data seem to indicate a higher degree of diffusibility for colexification patterns at the periphery of the lexicon. While we regard the results of our study as valid, we emphasize the tentativeness of our conclusions and point out some limitations as well as desiderata for future research to enable a better understanding of the genealogical versus areal distribution of linguistic features.
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| 3. |
- Gast, Volker, et al.
(författare)
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The areal factor in lexical typology : Some evidence from lexical databases
- 2018
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Ingår i: Aspects of linguistic variation. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 9783110607956 - 9783110607963 ; , s. 43-82
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our study aims to explore how much information about areal patterns of colexification we can gain from lexical databases, such as CLICS and ASJP. We adopt a bottom-up (rather than hypothesis-driven) approach, identifying areal patterns in three steps: (i) determine spatial autocorrelations in the data, (ii) identify clusters as candidates for convergence areas and (iii) test the clusters resulting from the second step controlling for genealogical relatedness. Moreover, we identify a (genealogical) diversity index for each cluster. This approach yields promising results, which we regard as a proof of concept, but we also point out some drawbacks of the use of major lexical databases.
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| 4. |
- Rzymski, Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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The Database of Cross-Linguistic Colexifications, reproducible analysis of cross-linguistic polysemies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advances in computer-assisted linguistic research have been greatly influential in reshaping linguistic research. With the increasing availability of interconnected datasets created and curated by researchers, more and more interwoven questions can now be investigated. Such advances, however, are bringing high requirements in terms of rigorousness for preparing and curating datasets. Here we present CLICS, a Database of Cross-Linguistic Colexifications (CLICS). CLICS tackles interconnected interdisciplinary research questions about the colexification of words across semantic categories in the world's languages, and show-cases best practices for preparing data for cross-linguistic research. This is done by addressing shortcomings of an earlier version of the database, CLICS2, and by supplying an updated version with CLICS3, which massively increases the size and scope of the project. We provide tools and guidelines for this purpose and discuss insights resulting from organizing student tasks for database updates.
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| 5. |
- Sjöberg, Anna, 1993-
(författare)
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Knowledge predication : A semantic typology
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present thesis is an investigation of the cross-linguistic expression of knowledge predication (‘He knows that it’s raining’, ‘she knows the boy’ etc.) Knowledge predication is investigated in parallel texts—specifically New Testament translations—in a genealogically and areally stratified variety sample of 83 languages. A selection of 100 verses, representing the variety of knowledge as well as near-lying concepts, are manually analysed and annotated for lexical and constructional information and analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first part of the thesis (chapters 2-4), the theoretical and methodological foundations of the investigation are presented. The definition of knowledge is discussed and a survey of previous research on knowledge and its aspects is presented, drawing on work in philosophy and psychology as well as linguistics. The results are the basis for the selection of verses for investigation. The novel sampling procedure employed—a development of the Diversity Values sampling method with added areal stratification—is introduced. This part of the thesis also situates the investigation within the field of semantic typology, describes the theoretical frameworks used – constructional typology and cognitive semantics—and discusses the methodological challenges of parallel corpora drawing on results from translation studies.In the second part of the thesis (chapters 5-6), the question of whether knowledge is generally distinguished cross-linguistically is addressed. A similarity measure based on lexical and constructional annotations and incorporating automatically inferred paradigmatic relationships is presented and applied. This is then the basis for agglomerative hierarchical clustering, the results of which are interpreted as evidence of an extended knowledge domain (‘know’, ‘understand’ and ‘find out’) and a narrow knowledge domain (‘know’). Also addressed is the question of the universality of knowledge predication, and the sample’s two possible exceptions to this (Kalam [Nuclear Trans New Guinea, PNG] and Fasu [Isolate, PNG]) are discussed in some depth.In the third part of the thesis (chapters 7-11), the cross-linguistic expression of the extended knowledge domain is investigated in more detail. Using Classical Multi-Dimensional Scaling (also known as Torgerson Scaling or Principal Co-Ordinate Analysis), the dimensions along which the expression of knowledge varies cross-linguistically are explored. Their semantics is investigated, and the typology of their expression is discussed. Additionally, the connections of the different parts of the knowledge domain to other domains such as perception—are explored and analysed from a cognitive semantic perspective. Finally, quantitative evidence for knowledge having a core (‘know that’) and a periphery (‘know person’, ‘understand’ etc.) is presented, including a measure of directionality of formal motivational relationships.The fourth part (chapter 12) concludes and summarises the thesis. Six generalisations regarding the linguistic expression of the knowledge domain are made, describing for example restrictions on co-expression patterns. Finally, a semantic map of the domain of knowledge predication is presented, synthesising the results of the thesis, and establishing a basis for future research.
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