| 1. |
- Foldager, C. B., et al.
(författare)
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Aarhus Regenerative Orthopaedics Symposium (AROS): Regeneration in the ageing population
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 87, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The combination of modern interventional and preventive medicine has led to an epidemic of ageing. While this phenomenon is a positive consequence of an improved lifestyle and achievements in a society, the longer life expectancy is often accompanied by decline in quality of life due to musculoskeletal pain and disability. The Aarhus Regenerative Orthopaedics Symposium (AROS) 2015 was motivated by the need to address regenerative challenges in an ageing population by engaging clinicians, basic scientists, and engineers. In this position paper, we review our contemporary understanding of societal, patient-related, and basic science-related challenges in order to provide a reasoned roadmap for the future to deal with this compelling and urgent healthcare problem.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gatenholm, Birgitta, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Collagen 2A Type B Induction after 3D Bioprinting Chondrocytes In Situ into Osteoarthritic Chondral Tibial Lesion.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cartilage. - : SAGE Publications. - 1947-6043 .- 1947-6035. ; 13:2 (Suppl.)
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large cartilage defects and osteoarthritis (OA) cause cartilage loss and remain a therapeutic challenge. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting with autologous cells using a computer-aided design (CAD) model generated from 3D imaging has the potential to reconstruct patient-specific features that match an articular joint lesion.To scan a human OA tibial plateau with a cartilage defect, retrieved after total knee arthroplasty, following clinical imaging techniques were used: (1) computed tomography (CT), (2) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and (3) a 3D scanner. From such a scan, a CAD file was obtained to generate G-code to control 3D bioprinting in situ directly into the tibial plateau lesion.Highest resolution was obtained using the 3D scanner (2.77 times more points/mm2 than CT), and of the 3 devices tested, only the 3D scanner was able to detect the actual OA defect area. Human chondrocytes included in 3D bioprinted constructs produced extracellular matrix and formed cartilage tissue fragments after 2 weeks of differentiation and high levels of a mature splice version of collagen type II (Col IIA type B), characteristic of native articular cartilage and aggrecan (ACAN). Chondrocytes had a mean viability of 81% in prints after day 5 of differentiation toward cartilage and similar viability was detected in control 3D pellet differentiation of chondrocytes (mean viability 72%).Articular cartilage can be formed in 3D bioprints. Thus, this 3D bioprinting system with chondrocytes simulating a patient-specific 3D model provides an attractive strategy for future treatments of cartilage defects or early OA.
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| 4. |
- Gatenholm, Birgitta, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropeptides: important regulators of joint homeostasis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 27:3, s. 942-949
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018, European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, Arthroscopy (ESSKA). Purpose: This review explores the mechanisms of joint pain with a special focus on the role of neuropeptides in pain transmission and their potential role in the progression of joint degeneration as seen in osteoarthritis. Methods: A literature search was performed on papers published between January 1990 and September 2017 using the Web of Science Core Collection, MEDLINE and Scopus databases. Results: What is seen in the subchondral bone and synovia is mirrored in the central nervous system (CNS). Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide and neuropeptide Y are the major peptides involved both in the generation of pain as well as reducing pain post-joint trauma. The interplay between them and other neuropeptides and cytokines influence how noxious stimuli are transduced, transmitted and modulated for a final pain perception as part of a complex cascade of events. There is a close interaction between the different components in the joint that together cross-talk to adapt to load and catabolic factors during injury and inflammation. Conclusion: The articular joint should be seen as an organ where local joint pain development and maintenance is influenced by interplay between the local transmitters in the joints as well as their dependence on the CNS. A slow-release cocktail of mixed antibodies targeted against neuropeptides and receptor blockers/stimulators involved in the events of early joint pain or any inflammatory joint disease is a future treatment target. Level of evidence: V.
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| 5. |
- Gatenholm, Birgitta, 1986
(författare)
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Pain in Osteoarthritic Joints: Biological Signaling and 3D Models based on Imaging
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, causing disability in middle-aged and elderly patients worldwide and imposing a huge socioeconomic burden. OA of the knee joint is a major cause of joint pain and, along with back pain, it accounts for the two most-reported causes of chronic pain. Despite intensive research in the field, knowledge of the genesis of pain and the pathological processes involved in the development of OA is still very limited. In addition to this, the diagnostic tools used today have low sensitivity and are unable to visualize early disease signs. There is a need for a better understanding of the pain genesis in OA and better early diagnostic tools. The overall aim of this thesis was to elucidate the mechanism of the pain in osteoarthritic knee joints, with the emphasis on the role of biological signalling and detailed mapping of cartilage damage and the subchondral region. We furthermore investigated future potential diagnostic tools and treatment exploring different imaging techniques and 3D bioprinting. Study I provided an overview of the field of joint pain with special emphasis on neuropeptides. The review concluded that neuropeptides play not only an important role in nociception but also a regulatory role in many biologic processes, such as bone turnover, inflammation and angiogenesis. Study II was a pilot study including tissue samples from six patients with OA undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We developed a method for analyzing endogenous peptides using Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in cartilage and subchondral bone. In Study III, we performed 3D imaging and modeling of morphologic changes in the cartilage and subchondral bone of OA patients using equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent (EPIC) micro computed tomography (CT). We developed a reproducible and semi-automatic method to visualize structural changes in the cartilage and subchondral bone. In Study IV, we compared different imaging techniques and used the 3D images rendered to produce a computer-aided design (CAD) model for visualizing the osteochondral lesion and repairing cartilage damage by 3D bioprinting with chondrocytes. The following study (Study V) further investigated cartilage damage repair by forming micro-mass pellets using chondrocytes or chondrocyte-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with or without OA extracellular matrix (ECM). Our last study (Study VI) was a clinical prospective study of 47 patients with knee OA undergoing TKA. Patients were pre- and post-operatively monitored with the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and their experienced pain and quality of life were then correlated to morphologic changes in cartilage and subchondral bone determined with EPIC microCT. This dissertation presents two new methods for the early diagnosis of OA and possible intervention with 3D bioprinting. The interplay between cartilage and subchondral bone, as well as cartilage damage, neuropeptide signaling and pain, was made apparent. These studies may lead to the development of early diagnostic tools for OA with the potential to make a great contribution to the reduction of suffering and health costs associated with OA.
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| 6. |
- Gatenholm, Birgitta, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Peptidomic analysis of cartilage and subchondral bone in OA patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : Wiley. - 0014-2972 .- 1365-2362. ; 49:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation Background: The objective of this study was to develop a method for directly analysing osteochondral samples straight out of the operating room without cell culturing, thereby enabling identification of potential peptide biomarkers to better understand the mechanisms involved in the development of osteoarthritis and pain. Material and Methods: Osteochondral plugs from wounded and macroscopically nonwounded zones of the femur condyle were collected from six patients with manifest osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The samples were demineralized and supernatant was collected and isotopically marked with Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) labelling and analysed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS. Results: Using peptidomics, 6292 endogenous peptides were identified. Five hundred sixty-six peptides (8 identified endogenous peptides) differed significantly (P-value 0.10) from wounded zones compared to nonwounded zones. Conclusion: This pilot study shows promising results for enabling peptidomic analysis of cartilage and bone straight out of the operating room. With further refinement, peptidomics can potentially become a diagnostic tool for OA, and improve the knowledge of disease progression and genesis of pain.
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| 7. |
- Gatenholm, Birgitta, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Spatially matching morphometric assessment of cartilage and subchondral bone in osteoarthritic human knee joint with micro-computed tomography
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bone. - : Elsevier BV. - 8756-3282. ; 120, s. 393-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a reproducible and semi-automatic method based on micro computed tomography (microCT) to analyze cartilage and bone morphology of human osteoarthritic knee joints in spatially matching regions of interest. Materials and methods: Tibial plateaus from randomly selected patients with advanced osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent total knee arthroplasty surgery were microCT scanned once fresh and once after staining with Hexabrix. The articular surface was determined manually in the first scan. Total articular surface, defect surface and cartilage surface were computed by triangulation of the cartilage surface and the spatially corresponding subchondral bone regions were automatically generated and the standard cortical bone and trabecular bone morphometric indices were computed. Results: The method to identify cartilage surface and defects was successfully validated against photographic examinations. The microCT measurements of the cartilage defect were also verified by conventional histopathology using safranin O–stained sections. Cartilage thickness and volume was significantly lower for OA condyle compared with healthy condyle. Bone fraction, bone tissue mineral density, cortical density and trabecular thickness differed significantly depending on the level of cartilage damage. Conclusion: This new microCT imaging workflow can be used for reproducible quantitative evaluation of articular cartilage damage and the associated changes in subchondral bone morphology in osteoarthritic joints with a relatively high throughput compared to manual contouring. This methodology can be applied to gain better understanding of the OA disease progress in large cohorts.
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