| 1. |
- Amentae, Tadesse Kenea, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing Milk Supply and Marketing Chains and Losses in Wolmera and Ejere Districts of Ethiopia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Service Science and Management. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1940-9893 .- 1940-9907. ; 8, s. 823-843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was made with the purposes of characterizing milk supply and marketing chains, postproduction losses of milk, and evaluating the potential of supply chain management approach to reduce milk losses in Ethiopia. Primary data were collected by semi-structured survey questionnaire and interview of key informants. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel sheets. Mapping, characterizations, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Both quantitative and qualitative-narrative methods were used in analysis. The finding revealed that farmers, cooperatives/unions, traders, and catering institutions were the major chain actors in milk chain in the study area. With 73% of milk sold by farmers passing through cooperatives/unions to the next chain actors, cooperatives/unions were the focal firms in this supply chain. Production was characterized by smallholders with few numbers of cows and low productivity of milk per cow per day. Cow breed and lack of access to credit were identified as critical resource and the most constraint that hinder production improvement. Marketing relationships among the chain actors were characterized as lacking long-term market orientation and were mostly on the spot and transaction based. The assessment on the enabling environment indicated further need of support from governmental and non-governmental stakeholders to build the capacity of chain actors, particularly the farmers. The study indicated existence of significant amount of milk losses in the milk chain. With 39% of the total losses happening at cooperatives/union stage, cooperatives/unions were identified as loss hotspot point in the chain. Poor milk handling practice at the collection points, lack of immediate acceptors, milk carrying tools used, means of transport used, and ineffective communication with other partner in the chain were identified in order of severity as important problems causing milk losses in the study area. Based on the study results and review of others’ work in similar contexts, this study argued for SCM to be part of solution in improving this dairy chain. The study showed cases where effectively implemented SCM approach converted dairy chains from chains characterized by dismantled, high conflicts of interests among the chain actors, and high losses of food in the chain to chains with mutual interest trying to maximize the profit to the whole chain actors. Integrated and collective actions by all chain actors aiming at reducing costs, improving quality, and minimizing food losses in the chain were central to these efforts. Therefore, SCM approach needs to be part of the solution in increasing profitability and reducing milk losses in Ethiopia in general and in the study area in particular. However, the needs for detailed further study, some of which are recommended by this study, are worthwhile.
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| 2. |
- Amentae, Tadesse Kenea, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Performances of Intermodal Import-Export Freight Transport System in Ethiopia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Service Science and Management. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1940-9893 .- 1940-9907. ; 8, s. 57-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freight transport system that minimizes costs, increase conveniences, and environmentally safe has become the agenda worldwide since long before. This study was made with the main objective of assessing intermodal termed as “multimodal” freight transport service in Ethiopia. Data was collected by using structured questionnaire from randomly selected customers and multimodal freight transport section employees of Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Service Enterprise. The study was made in two stages using customers: first, they were asked to evaluate their satisfaction with the multimodal freight transport system; second, to evaluate their comparative satisfaction with the segmented/“uni-modal” freight transport system against five major freight transport performance indicators. Customers were also asked to identify and rank top ten problems of freight transport logistics in Ethiopia. Data were analyzed using SPSS and excel sheets with descriptive statistics and the results were depicted using charts and tables. The study indicated that majority of customers were either dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with many of the performance indicators. The employees evaluated their organization as well performing relatively on more performance indicators. Both customers and employees evaluated the documentation performances as satisfying but cost and convenience as dissatisfying performances. Customers identified repetitive custom checking and waste of time in custom inspections process as the most severe problem in freight transport logistics in Ethiopia. The implementation of intermodal freight transport system to bring better change in import-export freight transport logistics of Ethiopia was in bitter challenge for customers due to a number of problems, except documentation performance that showed betterment.
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| 3. |
- Amentae, Tadesse Kenea, et al.
(författare)
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Examining the interface between supply chain governance structure choice and supply chain performances of dairy chains in Ethiopia
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Food and Agribusiness Management Review. - 1096-7508 .- 1559-2448. ; 21, s. 1061-1081
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, the concept of supply chain management has been applied in the food chains with the idea of transforming agribusiness through networking and trustful partnership in the food chains. In this regard, it is important to consider the empirical knowledge of the interface among the variables of factors in the supply chain governance structure choices, the chain actors' choice of governance models, and the effects of these on the supply chain performances. The aim of this study was to empirically verify the relationships between factors existing in the business scenarios, the chain actors' governance structure choice, and supply chain performances of dairy chains in Ethiopia. The chains were assessed using the survey data that were collected from 215 chain actors and analyzed using structural equation modelling and IBM SPSS and IBM AMOS of version 24 software. The data collected were tested for the Cronbach's alpha reliability test for the internal consistency and using the different model goodness of fit measure tests. The results showed that the transaction cost, trust, and uncertainty significantly (P<0.001) predicted the chain actors' supply chain governance model choice. On the other hand, uncertainty, willingness to collaborate, and collaborations advantages explained trust significantly (P<0.001). The correlations analysis among the factors showed that there existed negative significant correlation between transaction cost and willingness to collaborate. The correlation between willingness to collaborate and collaborative advantages was found positive and significant. Similarly, the correlation between uncertainty and transaction specific investments was found positive and significant. Moreover, chain actors' supply chain governance structure choice significantly explained the supply chain performances, such as efficiency, flexibility, level of dairy losses, and level of integrations in the dairy chains. Promoting established dairy chain governance system, either through dependable relational governances or through formal contractual structure has been found improving the performances of the studied dairy chains.
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| 4. |
- Amentae, Tadesse Kenea, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring value chain and post-harvest losses of Teff in Bacho and Dawo districts of central Ethiopia
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research. - 2141-6567. ; 7, s. 11-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was made with the aim of exploring Teff value chain and postharvest-losses in Ethiopia. Semi-structured survey questionnaire and interview of key informants were used to collect primary data. Characterizations, descriptive statistics, Probit, and Tobit regression models were used to analyze data collected. SPSS and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze the data. The result identified major chain actors in the supply chains. The supply chains were characterized by open and untraceable chains without any collaborative relationships among chain actors. The assessment on elements of logistics functions noted that donkey and human labor serving major role as means of transportation, gotara and gumbi/togogo as major storage facility, and plastic sacks as major packaging material. Using probit model, attendance of formal education was identified as the most determining factor for farmers’ value addition decisions. Farmers’ stage loss of 8.18% was identified as the highest percentage losses and could be considered as loss hotspot point in the chain. Using Likert scale assessment, farmers’ stage Teff post-harvest loss causing factors were identified in order of severity where threshing process was indicated as the severest problem. Using Tobit model, sex, family size, level of output, bad weather condition, distance to the nearest market, and storage facilities were found significantly affecting farmers’ stage post-harvest losses. Strengthening farmers’ cooperatives and the need of further work where all chain actors and stakeholders are engaged to break the self-centered mentality and create awareness towards established Teff supply chains characterized by win-win cooperation among chain actors was recommended.
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| 5. |
- Amentae, Tadesse Kenea, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Wheat Value Chain Focusing on Market Performance, Post-Harvest loss, and Supply Chain Management in Ethiopia: The Case of Arsi to Finfinnee Market Chain
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural Science. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1916-9752 .- 1916-9760. ; 9, s. 22-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study the wheat value chain from one of the highest wheat producing areas in Ethiopia (Arsi zone of Oromia region) to central markets in Finfinnee/Addis Ababa was assessed focusing on market performance, post-harvest losses, and the potential of supply chain management to improve the chain.Value chain analysis, questionnaire-based loss estimations, Tobit model for loss factor determination, structure-conduct-performance (S-C-P), four firm concentration ratio (CR4), market and profit margins, and theory of supply chain management were used to evaluate the wheat value chain. Primary data were collected using a semi-structured survey questionnaire and interview of key informants. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Tobit model in SPSS and Excel software.The study identified producers and their cooperatives, collectors, wholesalers, retailers, and processors as primary actors. At these stages of the wheat chain, post-harvest losses reported were 21%, 3%, 4%, 6%, and 5%, respectively. With the highest loss happening at producers’ stage, this stage was identified as loss-hot-spot point. The Ethiopian Grain Trade Enterprise was also identified as main actor connecting the flow of wheat between producers and consumers occasionally. An increase in a quintal of wheat production, bad storage facilities, and weather conditions caused in an increase in post-harvest losses of 5.18, 4.06 and 1.36 Kgs per quintal, respectively, at 1% statistical significance.The assessed wheat value chain was characterized by unfair share of benefit among the chain actors. The producers who were in a position of adding the highest portion of value to the wheat received only 16% of the profit margin. The traders jointly and processors shared 33% and 51% of the profit margin, respectively. The CR4 assessments in the major wheat markets along the chain noted that with CR4 in Etaya (26.8), Asala (37.7), Adama (41.4), and Finfinnee (42.8), the wheat markets near the producers were more competitive than the central ones. Assessment on the degree of clearness noted that for 54% of the chain actors, it was very difficult to get reliable information about the whole wheat market along the chain. Licensing procedure, capital, and competitions were reported as barriers to wheat market entry.For all producers, retailers, and collectors on agreement with their suppliers, the only means of agreement in doing business with their transaction partners were spot-market. However, 63% and 16% of collectors had oral and written contractual agreements, respectively, with their buyers. 36% and 31% of wholesalers reported they had oral contracts with their suppliers and buyers, respectively; 18% and 12% of them had written contracts with suppliers and buyers, respectively. Similarly, 42% and 9% of the processors had oral agreement with their suppliers and buyers while 23% and 27% of them had written contract agreement with their suppliers and buyers, respectively.The study noted that the wheat chain assessed was characterized by disintegrated chain where businesses were self-oriented and mutualism has not well-developed. Working towards supply chain management and relational view of business has been recommended based on the problems identified in the study.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Anerud, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the performance of a three-dimensional vibrating test rig for cleaning stumps
- 2012
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Ingår i: Australian Journal of Agricultural Engineering. - 1836-943X. ; 3, s. 51-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been shown that vibrating devices can successfully be used for separation and removal of unwanted/contaminant material, for both laboratory and full-scale industrial purposes. The presence of impurities on energy-rich softwood stumps is a major drawback when using stumps as fuel, since it leads to high ash content. Vibration methods can be an efficient approach to remove excess impurities and achieve acceptable ash content. Stumps are usually shaken in connection with harvesting and stored afterwards to facilitate the removal of contaminants. The required storage duration can lead to high dry matter losses and a faster and efficient cleaning method such as vibration is highly desirable. This study evaluated the performance of an adjustable three-dimensional vibrating test rig designed to assess the cleaning efficiency of vibration-based methods. Vibrating parameters such as acceleration amplitude, frequency and displacement of the test rig were determined for 12-24 mm distance between eccentric weight centre of mass and the rotating shaft of electric motors at rotation velocity 19.16-29.17 Hz. The acceleration amplitude ranged from 1.38 to 5.71 g. The parameters could be repeated irrespective of direction and number of vibration directions. The test rig was therefore considered to be a reliable tool for determining and evaluating the efficiency of vibration in removing contaminants from stumps.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Aradom Messmer, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Vibration on animal transport vehicles and related animal behaviours with special focus on pigs
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of agricultural science and technology. A. - 2161-6256. ; 3, s. 231-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of vibration on postural stability of cattle, behaviours of pigs and vibration transmission from floor 1 to floor 3 and driving performance in terms of vibration level on pigs transport vehicle. Single deck cattle and 3 deck pigs transport vehicles were used for the experiments. Vibration sensors and video camera were mounted in the observation boxes. Observation box of pigs was on the third floor. Continuous recording and measurements were made during the journeys to adequately describe vibration and behaviours. The experimental design consisted of three series having three replications. Swaying and loss of balance constantly increased with transport time for bulls and cows. In proportion to transport retching and vomiting of pigs increased in a linear form with increase of transport time over 85% (P < 0.006) of the pigs preferred to lie in travel direction. Along the vertical and lateral directions vibration transmitted from 1st to 3rd floor was between 108% and 113%, thus amplified. Different drivers but same duration and route could result different levels of vibration in all axes. These behavioural responses indicated that vibration and associated driving performance had a considerable effect on welfare of cattle and pigs. Vibration was amplified from floor 1 to 3 in vertical and lateral directions and pigs on floor 3 were exposed to a higher level of vibration in the two axes. Performance of drivers varied considerably as related to vibration emanated from pigs transport vehicle.
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| 10. |
- Bosona, Techane, et al.
(författare)
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Animal handling during supply for marketing and operations at an abattoir in developing country: The case of Gudar market and Ambo abattoir, Ethiopia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Service Science and Management. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1940-9893 .- 1940-9907. ; 5, s. 59-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the agricultural sector, it is important to appropriately develop livestock resources in of developing countries in order to reduce poverty. The aim of this study was to investigate the animal handling and welfare issues during transport for marketing with special focus on cattle flow to and from Gudar livestock market and activity chain of Ambo abattoir in Ethiopia. Information and data on main feeder markets to Gudar regional market; the main stakeholders in this animal supply chain; number of animals flow to and from Gudar market; the distance and time duration the animals transported; animal handling and welfare concerns during transport and at market site; and activities in Ambo abattoir chain were gathered, interpreted and discussed. The study indicated that the flow of cattle to and from Gudar market was by walk- ing which took up to 4 days or by vehicles which took up to 3 h. There were no appropriate vehicle and loading facili- ties and animal handling conditions were poor. From total number of animals supplied to Gudar market about 7.6% died, 6.9% injured and 2.8% was stolen during transport. During transport from Gudar to final destination by walking, about 16% died and 10.7% was injured. The effect of animal number (p = 0.0498) was slightly significant than the effect of travel distance (p = 0.3487) on the occurrence of incidences such as animal death and injuries, at significance level of 0.05. Lameness and injury to bone, muscle, swelling of leg and sickness were widely observed during transportation by walking. Poor market infrastructures; lack of regional abattoir facilities; difficulties in getting timely market information; and lack of well-organized networks between stakeholders were also identified as existing problems compromising the animal welfare and economic benefits. Therefore, further research works concerning animal welfare during animal flow in the supply chain; and impact of abattoir activities on environment and human and animal health should be conducted. Such studies important to improve the economic benefits gained from livestock resources with positive contribution towards efforts of insuring food security and sustainable development
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