| 1. |
- Alström, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Taxonomy of the White-browed Shortwing (Brachypteryx montana) complex on mainland Asia and Taiwan: an integrative approach supports recognition of three instead of one species
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Avian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 2053-7166 .- 0005-2175. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe White-browed Shortwing (Brachypteryx montana) is widespread from the central Himalayas to the southeast Chinese mainland and the island of Taiwan, the Philippines and Indonesia. Multiple subspecies are recognised, and several of these have recently been suggested to be treated as separate species based on differences in morphology and songs.MethodsWe here analyse plumage, morphometrics, songs, two mitochondrial and two nuclear markers, and geographical distributions of the two mainland Asian taxa B. m. cruralis and B. m. sinensis and the Taiwanese B. m. goodfellowi.ResultsWe conclude that these differ congruently in morphology, songs and DNA. Male B. m. goodfellowi is the most divergent in plumage (sexually monomorphic, unlike the two others; male similar to female), and B. m. cruralis and B. m. sinensis differ in male plumage maturation. The song of B. m. cruralis is strongly divergent from the others, whereas the songs of B. m. sinensis and B. m. goodfellowi are more similar to each other. Brachypteryx m. sinensis and B. m. goodfellowi are sisters, with an estimated divergence time 4.1 million years ago (mya; 95% highest posterior distribution [HPD] 2.8-5.5mya), and B. m. cruralis separated from these two 5.8mya (95% HPD 4.1-7.5mya). We also report notable range extensions of B. m. sinensis as well as sympatry between this taxon and B. m. cruralis in Sichuan Province, China. Brachypteryx m. montana from Java is found to be more closely related to Lesser Shortwing (B. leucophris) and Rusty-bellied Shortwing (B. hyperythra) than to the mainland Asian and Taiwanese taxa.ConclusionOur data support a recent proposal to treat the three mainland Asian and Taiwanese taxa as three species, separate from B. montana sensu stricto: B. cruralis (central Himalayas to south central China and south Vietnam), B. sinensis (north central to southeastern part of mainland China) and B. goodfellowi (Taiwan Island).
|
|
| 2. |
- Alström, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the grassbirds and allies (Locustellidae) reveals extensive non-monophyly of traditional genera, and a proposal for a new classification
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 127, s. 367-375
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The widespread Old World avian family Locustellidae ('grassbirds and allies') comprises 62 extant species in 11 genera. In the present study, we used one mitochondrial and, for most species, four nuclear loci to infer the phylogeny of this family. We analysed 59 species, including the five previously unsampled genera plus two genera that had not before been analysed in a densely sampled dataset. This study revealed extensive disagreement with current taxonomy; the genera Bradypterus, Locustella, Megalurus, Megalurulus and Schoenicola were all found to be non-monophyletic. Non-monophyly was particularly pronounced for Megalurus, which was widely scattered across the tree. Three of the five monotypic genera (Amphilais, Buettikoferella and Malia) were nested within other genera; one monotypic genus (Chaetornis) formed a Glade with one of the two species of Schoenicola; whereas the position of the fifth monotypic genus (Elaphrornis) was unresolved. Robsonius was confirmed as sister to the other genera. We propose a phylogenetically informed revision of genus-level taxonomy, including one new generic name. Finally, we highlight several non-monophyletic species complexes and deep intra-species divergences that point to conflict in taxonomy and suggest an underestimation of current species diversity in this group.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bakker, F. T., et al.
(författare)
-
The Global Museum: natural history collections and the future of evolutionary science and public education
- 2020
-
Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural history museums are unique spaces for interdisciplinary research and educational innovation. Through extensive exhibits and public programming and by hosting rich communities of amateurs, students, and researchers at all stages of their careers, they can provide a place-based window to focus on integration of science and discovery, as well as a locus for community engagement. At the same time, like a synthesis radio telescope, when joined together through emerging digital resources, the global community of museums (the 'Global Museum') is more than the sum of its parts, allowing insights and answers to diverse biological, environmental, and societal questions at the global scale, across eons of time, and spanning vast diversity across the Tree of Life. We argue that, whereas natural history collections and museums began with a focus on describing the diversity and peculiarities of species on Earth, they are now increasingly leveraged in new ways that significantly expand their impact and relevance. These new directions include the possibility to ask new, often interdisciplinary questions in basic and applied science, such as in biomimetic design, and by contributing to solutions to climate change, global health and food security challenges. As institutions, they have long been incubators for cutting-edge research in biology while simultaneously providing core infrastructure for research on present and future societal needs. Here we explore how the intersection between pressing issues in environmental and human health and rapid technological innovation have reinforced the relevance of museum collections. We do this by providing examples as food for thought for both the broader academic community and museum scientists on the evolving role of museums. We also identify challenges to the realization of the full potential of natural history collections and the Global Museum to science and society and discuss the critical need to grow these collections. We then focus on mapping and modelling of museum data (including place-based approaches and discovery), and explore the main projects, platforms and databases enabling this growth. Finally, we aim to improve relevant protocols for the long-term storage of specimens and tissues, ensuring proper connection with tomorrow's technologies and hence further increasing the relevance of natural history museums.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Cibois, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Comprehensive phylogeny of the laughingthrushes and allies (Aves, Leiothrichidae) and a proposal for a revised taxonomy
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256 .- 1463-6409. ; 47:4, s. 428-440
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA phylogenies have gradually shed light on the phylogenetic relationships of the large babbler group. We focus in this study on the family Leiothrichidae (laughingthrushes and song babblers), which represents the largest clade of babblers in terms of species diversity. Our phylogeny includes all genera and 82% of the recognized species, using mitochondrial and nuclear loci. The sister group to Leiothrichidae is composed of the Pellorneidae (jungle babblers) plus the genus Alcippe. Within Leiothrichidae, four strongly supported primary clades (A-D) are recovered. Clade A includes Grammatoptila, Laniellus and Cutia. Clade B includes a large group of laughingthrushes, all of them classified in Trochalopteron. In Clade C, the two laughingthrushes endemic to southern India, T.fairbanki and T.cachinnans, which have recently been proposed to be placed in the newly erected genus Montecincla, form a sister clade to the group comprising the song babblers (Lioptila, Leiothrix, Heterophasia, Minla, Liocichla, Actinodura, Chrysominla, Siva, and Sibia). Clade D includes the African babblers (Turdoides, Phyllanthus, Kupeornis), Asian relatives (Argya, Acanthoptila, Chatarrhaea) and all remaining laughingthrushes (Garrulax). The time estimates suggest that the early diversification of the Leiothrichidae occurred in the mid-Miocene, a period that corresponds to the diversification of many passerine groups in Asia. A revised taxonomic classification of the family is proposed in the light of these results.
|
|
| 6. |
- Lagerqvist, Bosse, 1957, et al.
(författare)
-
Natur- och kulturmiljöer vid vatten – samverkan för framgång. Rapport från ett pilotprojekt
- 2022
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten beskriver resultatet av ett pilotprojekt som har genomförts 2021–22, med syfte att beskriva exempel på en positiv samverkan mellan natur- och kulturmiljövården i samband med åtgärder vidtagna utifrån Vattenförvaltningsförordningen och där vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer berörs. Projektet har finansierats genom anslag från Riksantikvarieämbetet, och har genomförts av Västra Götalandsregionen (Förvaltningen för kulturutveckling), Göteborgs universitet (Institutionen för kulturvård) och Vattenhistoriskt Nätverk/Arbetets museum. Bakgrunden är EU:s Vattendirektiv som har som syfte att stoppa försämringen av vattenförekomster och nå ”god status” för Europas floder, sjöar och grundvatten. I de fall där kulturmiljöer med lång historia, t.ex. kvarnanläggningar och flottningsleder, är placerade i eller i direkt anslutning till strömmande vatten, har de ofta betraktats som hinder för att uppnå god ekologisk status. Utrivning av dammanläggningar är därför den enkla lösningen, alternativt att omlöp görs utan att först ha konstaterat den eventuella förekomsten av arkeologiska lämningar i omlöpets väg. Kulturmiljövården som en sakägare är ofta satt på undantag och saknar också särskild finansiering för att kunna prioritera åtgärder i vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer. En ytterligare bakgrund till projektet är den Nationella planen för omprövning av vattenkraften (NAP) som på likartat sätt kan innebära utrivning av dammanläggningar. Vad gäller kulturmiljövården är det enkelt att konstatera att den inte kan delta på jämbördigt sätt som naturvårdens och ekologins företrädare, p.g.a. avsaknad av finansiering. Samtidigt har kulturmiljövården en formell roll att tillse att Kulturmiljölagens skrivningar om fornlämningar och fornfynd efterlevs – vare sig det gäller utrivning av vattenplacerade konstruktioner eller anläggande av omlöp. Det är därför nödvändigt att finansieringen av kulturmiljövårdens deltagande förstärks. Projektet föreslår att för projekt kring åtgärder för ekologisk status som omfattar kulturhistoriska miljöer, borde länsstyrelserna kunna samordna berörda enheter i ett gemensamt projektansvar för att tillförsäkra att berörda regelverk efterlevs. Vattenförvaltningsförordningen är den grundläggande författningen, men i många processer berörs också Miljöbalken, Kulturmiljölagen, Plan- och bygglagen, och projektet förslår att en funktion i linje med Boverkets PBL Kunskapsbanken, etableras för frågor som rör vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer. När det gäller att skapa välfungerande grupperingar kring åtgärder som föranleds av vattendirektivet eller NAP, så kan Vattenråden vara potentiella arenor med formella kontakter med berörda länsstyrelser.
|
|
| 7. |
- Wireklint-Sundström, B, et al.
(författare)
-
A pathway care model allowing low-risk patients to gain direct admissionto a hospital medical ward a pilot study on ambulance nurses and Emergency Department phycisians
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central Ltd.. - 1757-7241. ; 22:1, s. 72-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A pathway care model allowing low-risk patients to gain rapid admission to a hospital medical ward¿¿¿a pilot study on ambulance nurses and Emergency Department physicians.BackgroundPatients with non-urgent medical symptoms who nonetheless require inpatient hospital treatment often have to wait for an unacceptably long time at the Emergency Department (ED). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and effect on length of delay of a pathway care model for low-risk patients who have undergone prehospital assessment by an ambulance nurse and ED assessment by a physician within 10 minutes of arrival at the ED.MethodsThe pilot study comparing two low-risk groups took place in western Sweden from October 2011 until January 2012. The pathway model for low-risk patients was used prospectively in the rapid admission group (N¿=¿51), who were admitted rapidly after being assessed by the nurse on scene and then assessed by the ED physician on ED admission. A retrospectively assembled control group (N¿=¿51) received traditional care at the ED. All p-values are age-adjusted.ResultsPatients in the rapid admission group were older (mean age 80 years old) than patients in the control group (mean age 73 years old) (p¿=¿0.02). The median delay from arrival at the patient¿s side until arrival in a hospital medical ward was 57 minutes for the rapid admission group versus 4 hours 13 minutes for the control group (p¿<¿0.0001). However, the median delay time from the ambulance¿s arrival at the patient¿s side until the nurse was free for a new assignment was 77 minutes for the rapid admission group versus 49 minutes for the control group (p¿<¿0.0001). The 30-day mortality rate was 20% for the rapid admission group and only 4% for the control group (p¿=¿0.16).ConclusionThe pathway care model for low-risk patients gaining rapid admission to a hospital medical ward shortened length of delay from the first assessment until arrival at the ward. However, the result was achieved at the cost of an increased workload for the ambulance nurse. Furthermore patients who were rapidly admitted to a hospital ward had a high age level and a high early mortality rate. Patient safety in this new model of fast-track assessment needs to be further evaluated.
|
|
