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- Natali, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Large loss of CO2 in winter observed across the northern permafrost region
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 9:11, s. 852-857
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent warming in the Arctic, which has been amplified during the winter(1-3), greatly enhances microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and subsequent release of carbon dioxide (CO2)(4). However, the amount of CO2 released in winter is not known and has not been well represented by ecosystem models or empirically based estimates(5,6). Here we synthesize regional in situ observations of CO2 flux from Arctic and boreal soils to assess current and future winter carbon losses from the northern permafrost domain. We estimate a contemporary loss of 1,662 TgC per year from the permafrost region during the winter season (October-April). This loss is greater than the average growing season carbon uptake for this region estimated from process models (-1,032 TgC per year). Extending model predictions to warmer conditions up to 2100 indicates that winter CO2 emissions will increase 17% under a moderate mitigation scenario-Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5-and 41% under business-as-usual emissions scenario-Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. Our results provide a baseline for winter CO2 emissions from northern terrestrial regions and indicate that enhanced soil CO2 loss due to winter warming may offset growing season carbon uptake under future climatic conditions.
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| 4. |
- Giese, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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White matter hyperintensity burden in acute stroke patients differs by ischemic stroke subtype
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neurology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 95:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo examine etiologic stroke subtypes and vascular risk factor profiles and their association with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden in patients hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke (AIS).MethodsFor the MRI Genetics Interface Exploration (MRI-GENIE) study, we systematically assembled brain imaging and phenotypic data for 3,301 patients with AIS. All cases underwent standardized web tool-based stroke subtyping with the Causative Classification of Ischemic Stroke (CCS). WMH volume (WMHv) was measured on T2 brain MRI scans of 2,529 patients with a fully automated deep-learning trained algorithm. Univariable and multivariable linear mixed-effects modeling was carried out to investigate the relationship of vascular risk factors with WMHv and CCS subtypes.ResultsPatients with AIS with large artery atherosclerosis, major cardioembolic stroke, small artery occlusion (SAO), other, and undetermined causes of AIS differed significantly in their vascular risk factor profile (all p < 0.001). Median WMHv in all patients with AIS was 5.86 cm(3) (interquartile range 2.18-14.61 cm(3)) and differed significantly across CCS subtypes (p < 0.0001). In multivariable analysis, age, hypertension, prior stroke, smoking (all p < 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.041) were independent predictors of WMHv. When adjusted for confounders, patients with SAO had significantly higher WMHv compared to those with all other stroke subtypes (p < 0.001).ConclusionIn this international multicenter, hospital-based cohort of patients with AIS, we demonstrate that vascular risk factor profiles and extent of WMH burden differ by CCS subtype, with the highest lesion burden detected in patients with SAO. These findings further support the small vessel hypothesis of WMH lesions detected on brain MRI of patients with ischemic stroke.
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| 5. |
- Bahsoun, H., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic Light-Matter Strong Coupling in Nanofluidic Fabry-Pérot Cavities
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACS Photonics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2330-4022. ; 5:1, s. 225-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electronic light-matter strong coupling has been limited to solid molecular films due to the challenge of preparing optical cavities with nanoscale dimensions. Here we report a technique to fabricate such Fabry-Pérot nanocavities in which solutions can be introduced such that light-molecule interactions can be studied at will in the liquid phase. We illustrate the versatility of these cavities by studying the emission properties of Chlorin e6 solutions in both the weak and strong coupling regimes as a function of cavity detuning. Liquid nanocavities will broaden the investigation of strong coupling to many solution-based molecular processes. © 2017 American Chemical Society.
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| 6. |
- Rumble, Ryan, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Reassessing lone wolves: How collective and institutionalized spinoffs benefit academia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Technology Transfer Society (T2S) Annual Conference 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature on academic entrepreneurship literature has paid close attention to the beneficial and detrimental impacts of spinoffs on reputation, finance, and technology transfer. Less well-researched, however, is the connection between spinoff processes and their impact on academic research. To explore this relationship, we conducted interviews and collected archival data from forty STEM laboratories in France that has recently produced spinoffs. We adopted an iterative, mixed-method approach combining case histories of the laboratories with coincidence analysis (CNA). Our analyses identify three spinoff processes that are consistently associated with beneficial research impact, including one connected with spinoff failure. In each of these situations, the roles, motivations, and relationships between actors during and after spinoff are central to explaining the catalysing effect on laboratory research.
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| 7. |
- Rumble, Ryan, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Serendipitous mechanisms: How academic spinoffs benefit research
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Group for Organizational Studies (EGOS) conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contrary to concerns that research commercialization may distract scientists from their more academic pursuits, research output studies have found laboratories that create spinoffs tend to publish as much, if not more, than their non-commercial peers. Numerous explanations have been given, however these have tended to be speculative in nature. This paper therefore asks: what are the mechanisms that explain this phenomenon? To answer this question, we examined recent spinoff events and their outcomes at forty French STEM laboratories. Acknowledging both the heterogeneous and processual nature of spinoff formation, we adopted an iterative, mixed-method approach combining case histories of the laboratories with coincidence analysis (CNA). The analysis identified three equifinal spinoff processes that consistently benefited research (including one associated with spinoff failure). Each process consists of different constellation of roles, motivations, and relationships that were central to explaining the catalysing effect of spinoff formation. Somewhat unexpectedly, our findings suggest that deliberate agency only plays a central role in one of the processes identified; and we propose that relationships, identity, and the existence of hybrid spaces are also significant explanatory factors. This paper contributes to the teleological theory by evidentiating the need for a nuanced understanding of different spinoff processes, where the relationality between actors in central in explaining emergent consequences. The paper concludes with policy implications for academic entrepreneurship.
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