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- Blogg, S.L., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic resonance imaging and neuropathology findings in the goat nervous system following hyperbaric exposures
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Neurology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-3022 .- 1421-9913. ; 52:1, s. 18-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Divers may be at risk of long-term CNS damage from non-symptomatic hyperbaric exposure. We investigated the effect of severe, controlled hyperbaric exposure on a group of healthy goats with similar histories. Thirty goats were exposed to various dive profiles over a period of 5 years, with 17 experiencing decompression sickness (DCS). Brains were scanned using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques. The animals were then culled and grossly examined, with the brain and spinal cord sent for neuropathological examination. No significant correlation was found between age, years diving, DCS or exposure to pressure with MR-detectable lesions in the brain, or with neuropathological lesions in the brain or spinal cord. However, spinal scarring was noted in 3 animals that had suffered from spinal DCS.
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- Blogg, S.L., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of breathing hyperoxic gas during simulated submarine escape on venous gas emboli and decompression illness
- 2003
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Ingår i: Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine. - 1066-2936. ; 30:3, s. 163-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Raised internal pressure in a distressed submarine rapidly increases the risk of decompression sickness (DCS) following submarine escape. The hypothesis that breathing a hyperoxic gas during escape may reduce the risk of DCS was tested using goats. Shallow air saturation and simulated submarine escape dives were carried out either singularly or in combination (saturation, escape, or saturation followed by escape) using air or 60% / 40% oxygen (O2) / nitrogen (N2) mixture as breathing gas during the escapes. Post-surfacing, animals were observed for signs of DCI and O2 toxicity. Precordial Doppler ultrasound was used to score venous gas emboli (VGE) using the Kisman Masurel (KM) scale. Following escape from 2.5 MPa, the rate at which VGE disappeared in the hyperoxic group (n = 8) was significantly faster(p < 0.05) than the air group (n = 7). One case of pulmonary barotrauma with arterial gas embolism occurred in the air group, but no cases of DCS were observed. After saturation at 0.18 MPa followed by escape from 2.5 MPa, DCS occurred in four of 15 animals in the air group and in two of 16 animals in the hyperoxic group. The rate of disappearance of VGE was significantly faster (p < 0.01) in the hyperoxic group. O2 toxicity was not discernible in any of the animals.
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- Gustafsson, C, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of normobaric hypoxic confinement on visual and motor performance
- 1997
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Ingår i: Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine. - 0095-6562 .- 1943-4448. ; 68:11, s. 985-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The use of reduced oxygen levels has been suggested for fire prevention in closed spaces, such as submarines. However, if humans are to work and live in environments with reduced oxygen levels, the effect of hypoxia on human performance must be further assessed. METHODS: In 3, 11- to 14-d confinements a total of 22 subjects were exposed to different levels of normobaric hypoxia (13, 14, and 15 kPa O2), for up to 10 d, with intervening periods of normoxia. In each experiment eight subjects were divided into two teams, working in 6-h shifts around the clock. Subjects performed tests of spatial orientation, visual reaction time, parallel processing and motor skills. Performance tests and questionnaires were administered once or twice in every 24-h period. RESULTS: All of the subjects appeared to tolerate the acute reduction in oxygen partial pressure well. In many of the tests performance improved with time as a result of learning, despite reductions in the oxygen level. No reduction in performance or decrease in rate of learning was observed at any of the oxygen levels tested. CONCLUSIONS: Oxygen levels down to 14 kPa appear not to impair visual and motor performance during rest.
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