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- Gerth, Julia, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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On the wear of PVD-coated HSS hobs in dry gear cutting
- 2009
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In: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 266:3-4, s. 444-452
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A hob is an advanced gear cutting tool usually made of homogenous high-speed steel (HSS) and coated by physical vapour deposition (PVD). It is designed for regrinding and recoating many times. However, hobs of today suffer from unpredictable wear making it difficult to schedule when they should be taken out for reconditioning. This investigation is aimed to contribute to the fundamental knowledge of the wear mechanisms and wear propagation of hobs used in dry gear cutting. Two AlCrN-coated hobs, used in actual gear cutting, were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the tool topography, light optical microscopy (LOM) to study metallographic cross-sections and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for surface analyses.It is concluded that the high potential of PVD-coated HSS as tool material is not taken full advantage of. The main reason is a combination of a poor surface preparation prior to coating and excessively high compressive residual stresses, making parts of the coating detach along the edge line even on unused cutting teeth. During cutting, the high intrinsic stresses in combination with droplets and defects in the coating facilitated its fragmentation through decohesion and detachment. Simultaneously, the rake face is gradually covered by a thin oxide layer dominated by Fe, Cr and Mn in about equal amounts, and also with a significant content of Si. It is believed but not proved that this layer is beneficial.To improve service life and reliability of gear cutting hobs, precautions should be taken for the grinding–polishing preparation prior to PVD-coating to ensure a smooth substrate free from burning damage and other defects. Also, the edge radius and coating thickness has to be matched with the magnitude of compressive residual stresses in the coating.
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| 2. |
- Gerth, Julia, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Reproducing wear mechanisms in gear hobbing : Evaluation of a single insert milling test
- 2009
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In: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 267:12, s. 2257-2268
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gear hobbing is a widely used method in industrial gear manufacturing. The most common type of hob is made of homogenous HSS and protected by a PVD coating. In order to increase the reliability and tool life of these milling tools, further developments of the tool surfaces and cutting edges are necessary. A single tooth milling test, using a HSS insert in a conventional milling machine, has been developed with the aim to reproduce the wear mechanisms seen on real HSS gear hobbing teeth. The benefits of such a test, compared to actual gear hobbing tests, are primarily accessibility and reduced costs for both design and production of test specimens (inserts). The main goal of this study was to verify that the wear mechanisms in the developed test correspond with the wear mechanisms obtained in real gear hobbing. Once this was verified, the influence of surfaces roughness on the performance of TiAlN coated HSS inserts was evaluated by using the tool as delivered or after polishing the tool surfaces. Parameters considered were tool wear, cutting forces and the quality of machined surfaces. The polished inserts, yielded less adhered work material and reduced flank wear but no significant difference in cutting forces as compared to the unpolished inserts.
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| 5. |
- Olofsson, Johanna, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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On the influence from micro topography of PVD coatings on friction behaviour, material transfer and tribofilm formation
- 2011
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In: Wear. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 271:9-10, s. 204-2057
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PVD coatings based on amorphous carbon with metal-carbides are currently gaining a high interest for use on machine elements due to their potential to give low friction and low wear of the counter surface. However, the performance varies significantly between the various types of such coatings and the causes of this are not clear. One factor is the micro topography of the coating surface. This topography may influence the friction in many ways; by changing the state of lubrication, by causing scratching of the counter surface, by modifying the topography of the counter surface the material transfer, the tribofilm formation, etc.TaC/a-C coatings, produced by co-sputtering of carbon and tantalum in an argon atmosphere, were deposited on high speed steel substrates exposed to varying degrees of etching to produce a range of surface roughnesses. Ball-on-disc experiments were used to evaluate the tribological properties of the coatings in dry condition against a ball bearing steel ball. The surfaces were analysed using various advanced techniques, including, SEM, XPS, Raman, EDS and AFM, all both prior to and after the testing.It was shown that the resulting surface topography of the coating is affected even by very small protrusions on the substrate. The coefficient of friction decreased during use to a stable level, due to a complex process including tribofilm build-up on the sliding ball. Surfaces with lower protrusions exhibited a faster friction decrease, i.e. a faster running in.
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