| 1. |
- George, David T., et al.
(författare)
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Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonism as a possible therapy for alcoholism
- 2008
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 319:5869, s. 1536-1539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol dependence is a major public health challenge in need of new treatments. As alcoholism evolves, stress systems in the brain play an increasing role in motivating continued alcohol use and relapse. We investigated the role of the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), a mediator of behavioral stress responses, in alcohol dependence and treatment. In preclinical studies, mice genetically deficient in NK1R showed a marked decrease in voluntary alcohol consumption and had an increased sensitivity to the sedative effects of alcohol. In a randomized controlled experimental study, we treated recently detoxified alcoholic inpatients with an NK1R antagonist (LY686017; n = 25) or placebo (n = 25). LY686017 suppressed spontaneous alcohol cravings, improved overall well-being, blunted cravings induced by a challenge procedure, and attenuated concomitant cortisol responses. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to affective stimuli likewise suggested beneficial LY686017 effects. Thus, as assessed by these surrogate markers of efficacy, NK1R antagonism warrants further investigation as a treatment in alcoholism.
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| 2. |
- Rai, Akshara, et al.
(författare)
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Bayesian Optimization Using Domain Knowledge on the ATRIAS Biped
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA). - : IEEE. - 9781538630815 ; , s. 1771-1778
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Robotics controllers often consist of expert-designed heuristics, which can be hard to tune in higher dimensions. Simulation can aid in optimizing these controllers if parameters learned in simulation transfer to hardware. Unfortunately, this is often not the case in legged locomotion, necessitating learning directly on hardware. This motivates using data-efficient learning techniques like Bayesian Optimization (BO) to minimize collecting expensive data samples. BO is a black-box data-efficient optimization scheme, though its performance typically degrades in higher dimensions. We aim to overcome this problem by incorporating domain knowledge, with a focus on bipedal locomotion. In our previous work, we proposed a feature transformation that projected a 16-dimensional locomotion controller to a 1-dimensional space using knowledge of human walking. When optimizing a human-inspired neuromuscular controller in simulation, this feature transformation enhanced sample efficiency of BO over traditional BO with a Squared Exponential kernel. In this paper, we present a generalized feature transform applicable to non-humanoid robot morphologies and evaluate it on the ATRIAS bipedal robot, in both simulation and hardware. We present three different walking controllers and two are evaluated on the real robot. Our results show that this feature transform captures important aspects of walking and accelerates learning on hardware and simulation, as compared to traditional BO.
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| 3. |
- Vaughey, J.T., et al.
(författare)
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Studies of layered lithium metal oxide anodes in lithium cells
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 174:2, s. 1052-1056
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous efforts have been made to use metal oxides as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we examined layered oxides of the type LiMO2 (M = Co, Ni) and Li2MO3 (M = Mn, Mo, Sn) in lithium cells and found them to be electrochemically active while possessing a high capacity. In general, LiMO2 electrodes provide higher reversible capacities than Li2MO3 electrodes. First-principles theoretical calculations were used as a guide to determine the most favorable reaction pathway from possible insertion (addition) reactions, decomposition reactions, and metal displacement reactions. For example, using in situ X-ray diffraction, LiCoO2 was found to discharge first to CoO and Li2O (decomposition reaction) and thereafter, upon further reduction, to Co metal and additional Li2O (displacement reaction). On charging to 3.0 V, only CoO was reformed; the electrode cycled with a reversible capacity of 575 mAh g−1; this reaction pathway is in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
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