| 1. |
- von der Lieth, Claus-Wilhelm, et al.
(författare)
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EUROCarbDB : an open-access platform for glycoinformatics
- 2011
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 21:4, s. 493-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EUROCarbDB project is a design study for a technical framework, which provides sophisticated, freely accessible, open-source informatics tools and databases to support glycobiology and glycomic research. EUROCarbDB is a relational database containing glycan structures, their biological context and, when available, primary and interpreted analytical data from high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Database content can be accessed via a web-based user interface. The database is complemented by a suite of glycoinformatics tools, specifically designed to assist the elucidation and submission of glycan structure and experimental data when used in conjunction with contemporary carbohydrate research workflows. All software tools and source code are licensed under the terms of the Lesser General Public License, and publicly contributed structures and data are freely accessible. The public test version of the web interface to the EUROCarbDB can be found at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/eurocarb.
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| 2. |
- Beller, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Decline of depressive symptoms in Europe : differential trends across the lifespan
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 56, s. 1249-1262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: We examined changes in the burden of depressive symptoms between 2006 and 2014 in 18 European countries across different age groups.Methods: We used population-based data drawn from the European Social Survey (N = 64.683, 54% female, age 14–90 years) covering 18 countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland) from 2006 to 2014. Depressive symptoms were measured via the CES-D 8. Generalized additive models, multilevel regression, and linear regression analyses were conducted.Results: We found a general decline in CES-D 8 scale scores in 2014 as compared with 2006, with only few exceptions in some countries. This decline was most strongly pronounced in older adults, less strongly in middle-aged adults, and least in young adults. Including education, health and income partially explained the decline in older but not younger or middle-aged adults.Conclusions: Burden of depressive symptoms decreased in most European countries between 2006 and 2014. However, the decline in depressive symptoms differed across age groups and was most strongly pronounced in older adults and least in younger adults. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms that contribute to these overall and differential changes over time in depressive symptoms.
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| 3. |
- Beller, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in grip strength : Age, period, and cohort effects on grip strength in older adults from Germany, Sweden, and Spain
- 2019
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Ingår i: SSM - Population Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8273. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grip strength is seen as an objective indicator of morbidity and disability. However, empirical knowledge about trends in grip strength remains incomplete. As trends can occur due to effects of aging, time periods and birth cohorts, we used hierarchical age-period-cohort models to estimate and disentangle putative changes in grip strength. To do this, we used population-based data of older adults, aged 50 years and older, from Germany, Sweden, and Spain from the SHARE study (N = 22500) that encompassed multiple waves of first-time respondents. We found that there were contrasting changes for different age groups: Grip strength improved over time periods for the oldest old, whereas it stagnated or even decreased in younger older adults. Importantly, we found strong birth cohort effects on grip strength: In German older adults, birth cohorts in the wake of the Second World War exhibited increasingly reduced grip strength, and in Spanish older adults, the last birth cohort born after 1960 experienced a sharp drop in grip strength. Therefore, while grip strength increased in the oldest old aged 80 years and older, grip strength stagnated or decreased in comparatively younger cohorts, who might thus be at risk to experience more morbidity and disability in the future than previous generations. Future studies should investigate factors that contribute to this trend, the robustness of the observed birth cohort effects, and the generalizability of our results to other indicators of functional health.
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| 4. |
- Geyer, Siegfried, et al.
(författare)
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Education, income, and occupational class cannot be used interchangeably in social epidemiology : Empirical evidence against a common practice
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 60, s. 804-810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study objective: Education, income, and occupational class are often used interchangeably in studies showing social inequalities in health. This procedure implies that all three characteristics measure the same underlying phenomena. This paper questions this practice. The study looked for any independent effects of education, income, and occupational class on four health outcomes: diabetes prevalence, myocardial infarction incidence and mortality, and finally all cause mortality in populations from Sweden and Germany.Design: Sweden: follow up of myocardial infarction mortality and all cause mortality in the entire population, based on census linkage to the Cause of Death Registry. Germany: follow up of myocardial infarction morbidity and all cause mortality in statutory health insurance data, plus analysis of prevalence data on diabetes. Multiple regression analyses were performed to calculate the effects of education, income, and occupational class before and after mutual adjustments.Setting and participants: Sweden (all residents aged 25-64) and Germany (Mettman district, Nordrhein-Westfalen, all insured persons aged 25-64).Main results: Correlations between education, income, and occupational class were low to moderate. Which of these yielded the strongest effects on health depended on type of health outcome in question. For diabetes, education was the strongest predictor and for all cause mortality it was income. Myocardial infarction morbidity and mortality showed a more mixed picture. In mutually adjusted analyses each social dimension had an independent effect on each health outcome in both countries.Conclusions: Education, income, and occupational class cannot be used interchangeably as indicators of a hypothetical latent social dimension. Although correlated, they measure different phenomena and tap into different causal mechanisms.
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| 5. |
- Miething, Alexander, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Income and health in different welfare contexts : A comparison of Sweden, East and West Germany
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 41:3, s. 260-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of the present study is to explore whether the association between income and self-rated health in Sweden is similar to that in Germany. Both countries represent relatively similar economic contexts, but also different welfare traditions and historic experiences. Thus, the study compares Sweden with East Germany and West Germany in order to incorporate the aftereffects of reunification in East Germany. Methods: The association between adjusted disposable household income and self-rated health is investigated by exploring cross-sectional survey data for the year 2000. In a sequence of logistic regression models, the risk for poor self-rated health across income quintiles is analysed, controlling for educational status and occupational position. Data sources are the Swedish Level-of-Living Survey and the German Socio-Economic Panel. Results: A relationship between income and health was observed for Sweden, East Germany and West Germany, before as well as after controlling for education and occupational position. The associations were somewhat stronger for women than for men. Similar magnitudes of income-related poor health were detected across the investigated subsamples, but patterns were distinct in the three regions. The highest estimates were not always found in groups with the lowest income position. Conclusions: Given the variation in the results, we found neither advantages nor disadvantages that can be linked to the effectiveness of the welfare contexts under study. We could also not identify an income threshold for poor health across the investigated countries and settings. Nevertheless, the association between income and health persists, although the patterns vary across regional contexts.
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| 6. |
- Miething, Alexander, 1978-
(författare)
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Others’ income, one’s own fate : How income inequality, relative social position and social comparisons contribute to disparities in health
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to a greater understanding of how social inequalities in health evolve causally and to explore the missing links between social position and health in different social and economic contexts.A premise in the thesis is that in affluent societies, not only material aspects and purchasing power linked to income and social positions are important explanations for the health of individuals, but also the relative socio-economic standards in society. The concept of relative income position was used to explore this notion across time and country contexts: A comparison of income-related health inequalities between the different welfare contexts of Sweden and Germany showed similar magnitudes in poor health. When exploring the role of absolute and relative income changes over time in Sweden, income volatility was found to influence individuals’ health.Another aim was to explore the specific social mechanisms reflecting intra- and interpersonal social comparisons and their role for health. Subjective measures of social position were found to capture non-material aspects of social positions. Self-rated class affinity revealed strong associations with health, particularly for women. Income satisfaction, predicting mortality, was shown to be a measure that accounts for internalized reference standards regarded as meaningful by individuals.Conceptually, the used subjective measures capture aspects of social comparisons and relative deprivation and further suggest that not the material dimension of social position alone matters for health. It is also shown that income satisfaction operates as a mediator between income position and mortality. Subjective measures such as income satisfaction and class affinity provide a plausible link in the understanding of how social inequality entails persistent effects on health and mortality.
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