| 1. |
- Sodergren, Erica, et al.
(författare)
-
The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 314:5801, s. 941-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.
|
|
| 2. |
- Sumaila, U. Rashid, et al.
(författare)
-
WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 374:6567, s. 544-544
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 3. |
- Thompson, Luke R., et al.
(författare)
-
A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 551:7681, s. 457-463
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.
|
|
| 4. |
- Chang, Zheng, et al.
(författare)
-
Association Between Medication Use for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Risk of Motor Vehicle Crashes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association. - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 74:6, s. 597-603
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a major public health problem. Research has demonstrated that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to experience MVCs, but the effect of ADHD medication treatment on the risk of MVCs remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To explore associations between ADHD medication use and risk of MVCs in a large cohort of patients with ADHD.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: For this study, a US national cohort of patients with ADHD (n = 2 319 450) was identified from commercial health insurance claims between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2014, and followed up for emergency department visits for MVCs. The study used within-individual analyses to compare the risk of MVCs during months in which patients received ADHD medication with the risk of MVCs during months in which they did not receive ADHD medication.EXPOSURES: Dispensed prescription of ADHD medications.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Emergency department visits for MVCs.RESULTS: Among 2 319 450 patients identified with ADHD, the mean (SD) age was 32.5 (12.8) years, and 51.7% were female. In the within-individual analyses, male patients with ADHD had a 38%(odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.56-0.67) lower risk of MVCs in months when receiving ADHD medication compared with months when not receiving medication, and female patients had a 42%(odds ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.53-0.62) lower risk of MVCs in months when receiving ADHD medication. Similar reductions were found across all age groups, across multiple sensitivity analyses, and when considering the long-term association between ADHD medication use and MVCs. Estimates of the population-attributable fraction suggested that up to 22.1% of the MVCs in patients with ADHD could have been avoided if they had received medication during the entire follow-up.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with ADHD, rates of MVCs were lower during periods when they received ADHD medication. Considering the high prevalence of ADHD and its association with MVCs, these findings warrant attention to this prevalent and preventable cause of mortality and morbidity.
|
|
| 5. |
- Chang, Zheng, et al.
(författare)
-
Medication for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Risk for Suicide Attempts
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 88:6, s. 452-458
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for suicidal behavior, but the effect of ADHD medication on suicidal behavior remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations between medication treatment for ADHD and risk of suicide attempts.METHODS: We identified a large cohort of patients with ADHD (N = 3,874,728, 47.8% female patients) using data from commercial health care claims from 2005 to 2014 in the United States. We used population-level and within-individual analyses to compare risk of suicide attempts during months when individuals received prescribed stimulant or nonstimulant medication relative to months when they did not receive medication.RESULTS: In both population-level and within-individual analyses, ADHD medication was associated with lower odds of suicide attempts (odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.73; and OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.57-0.66, respectively). Similar reductions were found in children to middle-aged adults and in clinically relevant subgroups, including patients with ADHD with preexisting depression or substance use disorder. The reduction was mainly seen for stimulant medication (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66-0.77); nonstimulant medication was not associated with statistically significant changes in risk of suicide attempts (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.74-1.19). Sensitivity analyses assessing the influence of different exposure definitions, different outcome definitions, subsets of the cohort, and different analytic approaches provided comparable results.CONCLUSIONS: Stimulant medication was associated with a reduced risk of suicide attempts in patients with ADHD, and nonstimulant medication is unlikely to increase the risk of suicide attempts.
|
|
| 6. |
- Dennhag, Inga, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
How many treatment sessions and patients are needed to create a stable score of adherence and competence in the treatment of cocaine dependence?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Psychotherapy Research. - : Routledge. - 1050-3307 .- 1468-4381. ; 22:4, s. 475-488
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study utilized a generalizability theory analysis of adherence and competence ratings to evaluate the number of sessions and patients needed to yield dependable scores at the patient and therapist levels. Independent judges' ratings of supportive expressive therapy (n = 94), cognitive therapy (n = 103), and individual drug counseling (n = 98) were obtained on tapes of sessions from the NIDA Collaborative Cocaine Treatment Study. Generalizability coefficients revealed that, for all three treatments, ratings made on approximately five to 10 sessions per patient are needed to achieve sufficient dependability at the patient level. At the therapist level, four to 14 patients need to be evaluated (depending on the modality), to yield dependable scores. Many studies today use fewer numbers.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ghirardi, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication and Unintentional Injuries in Children and Adolescents
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 59:8, s. 944-951
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine whether ADHD medication is associated with a decreased risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents in the United States across sexes, age groups and injury types.METHOD: We used de-identified inpatient, outpatient, and filled prescription claims data from the Truven Health MarketScan® Research Databases. Individuals were followed from January 1, 2005, date of first ADHD diagnosis or medication prescription, or age 6, whichever occurred last, until December 31, 2014, first healthcare insurance disenrollment, or the first year at which their age was recorded as 19, whichever occurred first. A person was considered on ADHD medication during a given month if a prescription was filled in that month. The outcome was defined as emergency department visits for injuries, including traumatic brain injuries, with unintentional causes. Odds of having the outcome were compared between medicated and un-medicated months at the population-level and in within-individual analyses using logistic regression.RESULTS: Among 1 968 146 individuals diagnosed with ADHD or receiving ADHD medication, 87 154 had at least one event. At the population-level, medication use was associated a lower risk of injuries, both in boys (OR= 0.85; 95% CI: 0.84-0.86) and girls (OR=0.87; 95% CI: 0.85-0.89). Similar results were obtained from within-individual analysis among male (OR= 0.72; 95% CI: 0.70-0.74) and female (OR= 0.72; 95% CI: 0.69-0.75) children, and among male (OR= 0.64; 95% CI: 0.60-0.67) and female (OR= 0.65; 95% CI: 0.60-0.71) adolescents. Similar results were found for traumatic brain injuries.CONCLUSION: ADHD medication use was associated with a reduction of different types of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents of both sexes.
|
|
| 8. |
- Haddad, Tariq Sami, et al.
(författare)
-
Improving tumor budding reporting in colorectal cancer: a Delphi consensus study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Virchows Archiv. - : SPRINGER. - 0945-6317 .- 1432-2307. ; 479:3, s. 459-469
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumor budding is a long-established independent adverse prognostic marker in colorectal cancer, yet methods for its assessment have varied widely. In an effort to standardize its reporting, a group of experts met in Bern, Switzerland, in 2016 to reach consensus on a single, international, evidence-based method for tumor budding assessment and reporting (International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference [ITBCC]). Tumor budding assessment using the ITBCC criteria has been validated in large cohorts of cancer patients and incorporated into several international colorectal cancer pathology and clinical guidelines. With the wider reporting of tumor budding, new issues have emerged that require further clarification. To better inform researchers and health-care professionals on these issues, an international group of experts in gastrointestinal pathology participated in a modified Delphi process to generate consensus and highlight areas requiring further research. This effort serves to re-affirm the importance of tumor budding in colorectal cancer and support its continued use in routine clinical practice.
|
|
| 9. |
- Hirani, Nikhil, et al.
(författare)
-
Target inhibition of galectin-3 by inhaled TD139 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 57:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Galectin (Gal)-3 is a profibrotic β-galactoside-binding lectin that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and IPF exacerbations. TD139 is a novel and potent small-molecule inhibitor of Gal-3. A randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2a study was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled TD139 in 36 healthy subjects and 24 patients with IPF. Six dose cohorts of six healthy subjects were evaluated (4:2 TD139:placebo ratio) with single doses of TD139 (0.15–50 mg) and three dose cohorts of eight patients with IPF (5:3 TD139: placebo ratio) with once-daily doses of TD139 (0.3–10 mg) for 14 days. Inhaled TD139 was well tolerated with no significant treatment-related side-effects. TD139 was rapidly absorbed, with mean time taken to reach maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) values ranging from 0.6 to 3 h and a plasma half-life (T1/2) of 8 h. The concentration of TD139 in the lung was >567-fold higher than in the blood, with systemic exposure predicting exposure in the target compartment. Gal-3 expression on alveolar macrophages was reduced in the 3 and 10 mg dose groups compared with placebo, with a concentration-dependent inhibition demonstrated. Inhibition of Gal-3 expression in the lung was associated with reductions in plasma biomarkers centrally relevant to IPF pathobiology (platelet-derived growth factor-BB, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, Gal-3, CCL18 and YKL-40). TD139 is safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects and IPF patients. It was shown to suppress Gal-3 expression on bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages and, in a concerted fashion, decrease plasma biomarkers associated with IPF progression.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
