| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Sodergren, Erica, et al.
(författare)
-
The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 314:5801, s. 941-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.
|
|
| 3. |
- Sumaila, U. Rashid, et al.
(författare)
-
WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 374:6567, s. 544-544
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 4. |
- Chang, Zheng, et al.
(författare)
-
Association Between Medication Use for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Risk of Motor Vehicle Crashes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association. - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 74:6, s. 597-603
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a major public health problem. Research has demonstrated that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to experience MVCs, but the effect of ADHD medication treatment on the risk of MVCs remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To explore associations between ADHD medication use and risk of MVCs in a large cohort of patients with ADHD.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: For this study, a US national cohort of patients with ADHD (n = 2 319 450) was identified from commercial health insurance claims between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2014, and followed up for emergency department visits for MVCs. The study used within-individual analyses to compare the risk of MVCs during months in which patients received ADHD medication with the risk of MVCs during months in which they did not receive ADHD medication.EXPOSURES: Dispensed prescription of ADHD medications.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Emergency department visits for MVCs.RESULTS: Among 2 319 450 patients identified with ADHD, the mean (SD) age was 32.5 (12.8) years, and 51.7% were female. In the within-individual analyses, male patients with ADHD had a 38%(odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.56-0.67) lower risk of MVCs in months when receiving ADHD medication compared with months when not receiving medication, and female patients had a 42%(odds ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.53-0.62) lower risk of MVCs in months when receiving ADHD medication. Similar reductions were found across all age groups, across multiple sensitivity analyses, and when considering the long-term association between ADHD medication use and MVCs. Estimates of the population-attributable fraction suggested that up to 22.1% of the MVCs in patients with ADHD could have been avoided if they had received medication during the entire follow-up.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with ADHD, rates of MVCs were lower during periods when they received ADHD medication. Considering the high prevalence of ADHD and its association with MVCs, these findings warrant attention to this prevalent and preventable cause of mortality and morbidity.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ghirardi, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication and Unintentional Injuries in Children and Adolescents
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 59:8, s. 944-951
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine whether ADHD medication is associated with a decreased risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents in the United States across sexes, age groups and injury types.METHOD: We used de-identified inpatient, outpatient, and filled prescription claims data from the Truven Health MarketScan® Research Databases. Individuals were followed from January 1, 2005, date of first ADHD diagnosis or medication prescription, or age 6, whichever occurred last, until December 31, 2014, first healthcare insurance disenrollment, or the first year at which their age was recorded as 19, whichever occurred first. A person was considered on ADHD medication during a given month if a prescription was filled in that month. The outcome was defined as emergency department visits for injuries, including traumatic brain injuries, with unintentional causes. Odds of having the outcome were compared between medicated and un-medicated months at the population-level and in within-individual analyses using logistic regression.RESULTS: Among 1 968 146 individuals diagnosed with ADHD or receiving ADHD medication, 87 154 had at least one event. At the population-level, medication use was associated a lower risk of injuries, both in boys (OR= 0.85; 95% CI: 0.84-0.86) and girls (OR=0.87; 95% CI: 0.85-0.89). Similar results were obtained from within-individual analysis among male (OR= 0.72; 95% CI: 0.70-0.74) and female (OR= 0.72; 95% CI: 0.69-0.75) children, and among male (OR= 0.64; 95% CI: 0.60-0.67) and female (OR= 0.65; 95% CI: 0.60-0.71) adolescents. Similar results were found for traumatic brain injuries.CONCLUSION: ADHD medication use was associated with a reduction of different types of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents of both sexes.
|
|
| 6. |
- Quinn, Patrick D., et al.
(författare)
-
ADHD Medication and Substance-Related Problems
- 2017
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association. - 0002-953X .- 1535-7228. ; 174:9, s. 877-885
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Substance use disorders are major contributors to excess mortality among individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet associations between pharmacological ADHD treatment and substance-related problems remain unclear. This study investigated concurrent and tong-term associations between ADHD medication treatment and substance-related events.Method: The authors analyzed 2005-2014 commercial health care claims from 2,993,887 (47,2% female) adolescent and adult ADHD patients. Within-individual analyses compared the risk of substance-related events (i.e., emergency department visits related to substance use disorders) during months in which patients received prescribed stimulant medication or atomoxetine relative to the risk during months in which they did not.Results: In adjusted within-individual comparisons, relative to periods in which patients did not receive ADHD medication, male patients had 35% lower odds of concurrent substance-related events when receiving medication (odds ratio=0.65, 95% CI=0.64-0.67), and female patients had 31% tower odds of concurrent substance-related events (odds ratio=0.69, 95% CI=0.67-0.71). Moreover, male patients had 19% lower odds of substance-related events 2 years after medication periods (odds ratio=0.81, 95% CI=0.78-0.85), and female patients had 14% tower odds of substance-related events 2 years after medication periods (odds ratio = 0.86, 95% CI= 0.82-0.91). Sensitivity analyses supported most findings but were less consistent for long-term associations among women.Conclusions: These results provide evidence that receiving ADHD medication is unlikely to be associated with greater risk of substance-related problems in adolescence or adulthood. Rather, medication was associated with lower concurrent risk of substance-related events and, at least among men, lower long-term risk of future substance-related events.
|
|
| 7. |
- Su, Zhan, et al.
(författare)
-
Common variants at the MHC locus and at chromosome 16q24.1 predispose to Barrett's esophagus.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barrett's esophagus is an increasingly common disease that is strongly associated with reflux of stomach acid and usually a hiatus hernia, and it strongly predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a tumor with a very poor prognosis. We report the first genome-wide association study on Barrett's esophagus, comprising 1,852 UK cases and 5,172 UK controls in the discovery stage and 5,986 cases and 12,825 controls in the replication stage. Variants at two loci were associated with disease risk: chromosome 6p21, rs9257809 (Pcombined=4.09×10(-9); odds ratio (OR)=1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-1.28), within the major histocompatibility complex locus, and chromosome 16q24, rs9936833 (Pcombined=2.74×10(-10); OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.10-1.19), for which the closest protein-coding gene is FOXF1, which is implicated in esophageal development and structure. We found evidence that many common variants of small effect contribute to genetic susceptibility to Barrett's esophagus and that SNP alleles predisposing to obesity also increase risk for Barrett's esophagus.
|
|
| 8. |
- Thompson, Luke R., et al.
(författare)
-
A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 551:7681, s. 457-463
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
