| 1. |
- Smith, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of Genetic Variation on Chromosome 5q22 Associated with Mortality in Heart Failure
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Failure of the human heart to maintain sufficient output of blood for the demands of the body, heart failure, is a common condition with high mortality even with modern therapeutic alternatives. To identify molecular determinants of mortality in patients with new-onset heart failure, we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies and follow-up genotyping in independent populations. We identified and replicated an association for a genetic variant on chromosome 5q22 with 36% increased risk of death in subjects with heart failure (rs9885413, P = 2.7x10-9). We provide evidence from reporter gene assays, computational predictions and epigenomic marks that this polymorphism increases activity of an enhancer region active in multiple human tissues. The polymorphism was further reproducibly associated with a DNA methylation signature in whole blood (P = 4.5x10-40) that also associated with allergic sensitization and expression in blood of the cytokine TSLP (P = 1.1x10-4). Knockdown of the transcription factor predicted to bind the enhancer region (NHLH1) in a human cell line (HEK293) expressing NHLH1 resulted in lower TSLP expression. In addition, we observed evidence of recent positive selection acting on the risk allele in populations of African descent. Our findings provide novel genetic leads to factors that influence mortality in patients with heart failure.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Clark, C, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological restoration, coping strategies and children’s cognitive performance in the RANCH study : Paper 090.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Inter-Noise 2006.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The RANCH study found a linear exposure effect association between chronic aircraft noise exposure at primary school and the impairment of children’s reading comprehension, in the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. This paper presents multilevel modelling analyses, exploring psychological mechanisms, which may moderate the effect of aircraft noise on children’s cognition. Psychological restoration – the process whereby places which afford tranquillity and relaxation are utilized to reduce stress and promote well being – has been shown to reduce the adverse effect of noise on children’s annoyance responses. This paper examines whether having places for psychological restoration at home, moderates the adverse effects of chronic aircraft noise exposure at school on children’s cognition. In addition, the effectiveness of coping strategies in relation to noise exposure at school are examined – are specific coping strategies associated with less impairment of cognition?
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| 4. |
- Gidlöf, Andreas C., et al.
(författare)
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Differences in retinol metabolism and proliferative response between neointimal and medial smooth muscle cells
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-1172 .- 1423-0135. ; 43:4, s. 392-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vascular disease is multifactorial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play a key role. Retinoids have been shown to influence many disease-promoting processes including proliferation and differentiation in the vessel wall. Phenotypic heterogeneity of vascular SMCs is a well-known phenomenon and phenotypic modulation of SMCs precedes intimal hyperplasia. The SMCs that constitute the intimal hyperplasia demonstrate a distinct phenotype and differ in gene expression compared to medial SMCs. Cellular retinol-binding protein-1 (CRBP-I), involved in retinoid metabolism, is highly expressed in intimal SMCs, indicating altered retinoid metabolism in this subset of cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolism of all-trans ROH (atROH), the circulating prohormone to active retinoids, in vascular SMCs of different phenotypes. The results show an increased uptake of atROH in intimal SMCs compared to medial SMCs as well as increased expression of the retinoid-metabolizing enzymes retinol clehydrogenase-5 and retinal dehydrogenase-1 and, in conjunction with this gene expression, increased production of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA). Furthermore, the retinoic acid-catabolizing enzyme CYP26A1 is expressed at higher levels in medial SMCs compared to intimal SMCs. Thus, both retinoid activation and deactivation processes are in operation. To analyze if the difference in ROH metabolism was also correlated to differences in the biological response to retinol, the effects of ROH on proliferation of SMCs with this phenotypic heterogeneity were studied. We found that intimal SMCs showed a dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition when treated with atROH in contrast to medial SMCs, in which atROH had a mitogenic effect. This study shows, for the first time, that (1) vascular SMCs are able to synthesize biologically active atRA from the prohormone atROH, (2) intimal SMCs have a higher capacity to internalize atROH and metabolize atROH into atRA compared to medial SMCs and (3) atROH inhibits growth of intimal SMCs, but induces medial SMC growth.
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| 5. |
- Gidlöf, Andreas C., et al.
(författare)
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Increased retinoid signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells by proinflammatory cytokines
- 2001
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 286:2, s. 336-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retinoids have been shown to modulate inflammation and the immune response in many cell types including macrophages, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. However, present knowledge of whether inflammatory mediators modulate vitamin A status in these cells is limited. To identify the role of inflammation on retinoid metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells, the cells were exposed to a combination of proinflammatory cytokines: interleukin-1beta, interferon-gamma, and lipopolysaccharides. Without stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines, vascular smooth muscle cells expressed retinol dehydrogenases-2 and 5 mRNA detected by RT-PCR. Stimulation with the combination of cytokines induced a substantial increase of retinol dehydrogenase-5 mRNA. This was associated with increased production of ligands for retinoic acid receptors, when assayed in a retinoic acid receptor-dependent luciferase reporter system. Our results demonstrate that inflammatory mediators activate the retinoid metabolic pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells, which potentially may modulate the inflammatory response in the vascular wall.
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| 6. |
- Gidlöf, Andreas C., et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin A : a drug for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion after percutaneous coronary intervention?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Science. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 114:1, s. 19-25
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The re-establishment of adequate blood flow in a vessel with a reduced lumen due to an atherosclerotic plaque by percutaneous vascular intervention is a well established procedure. However, the long-term outcome of such interventions is negatively influenced by the development of intimal hyperplasia/restenosis. Although extensively researched, this still represents a significant clinical problem. Retinoids, i.e. natural and synthetic derivates of vitamin A, represent a potential therapeutic compound, since they have been shown to influence the vast majority of processes that ultimately lead to reocclusion of the injured vessel. Retinoids exert their effects at the transcriptional level through their nuclear receptors. Targeting multiple processes, i.e. proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix composition and cell differentiation, as well as coagulation/fibrinolysis, should increase their future role in the prevention of restenosis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the diverse effects of retinoids on pathobiological and biological processes activated at sites of vascular injury with particular emphasis on intimal hyperplasia/restenosis after endovascular interventions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Högberg, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Farnesyl pyrophosphate is an endogenous antagonist to ADP-stimulated P2Y12 receptor-mediated platelet aggregation.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - 0340-6245. ; 108:1, s. 119-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis, and it has also been reported to activate platelet LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) receptors. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of extracellular FPP in platelet aggregation. Human platelets were studied with light transmission aggregometry, flow cytometry and [35S]GTPγS binding assays. As shown previously, FPP could potentiate LPA-stimulated shape change. Surprisingly, FPP also acted as a selective insurmountable antagonist to ADP-induced platelet aggregation. FPP inhibited ADP-induced expression of P-selectin and the activated glycoprotein (Gp)IIb/IIIa receptor. FPP blocked ADP-induced inhibition of cAMP accumulation and [35S]GTPγS binding in platelets. In Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the P2Y12 receptor, FPP caused a rightward shift of the [35S]GTPγS binding curve. In Sf9 insect cells expressing the human P2Y12 receptor, FPP showed a concentration-dependent, although incomplete inhibition of [3H]PSB-0413 binding. Docking of FPP in a P2Y12 receptor model revealed molecular similarities with ADP and a good fit into the binding pocket for ADP. In conclusion, FPP is an insurmountable antagonist of ADP-induced platelet aggregation mediated by the P2Y12 receptor. It could be an endogenous antithrombotic factor modulating the strong platelet aggregatory effects of ADP in a manner similar to the use of clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease.
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| 9. |
- Krivospitskaya, Olesya, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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A CYP26B1 polymorphism enhances retinoic acid catabolism and may aggravate atherosclerosis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular Medicine. - New York, USA : The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research. - 1076-1551 .- 1528-3658. ; 18:1, s. 712-718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All-trans retinoic acid, controlled by CYP26 enzymes, potentially has beneficial effects in atherosclerosis treatment. This study investigates CYP26B1 in atherosclerosis and effects of a genetic polymorphism in CYP26B1 on retinoid catabolism. We found that CYP26B1 mRNA was induced by retinoic acid in human atherosclerotic arteries and CYP26B1 and the macrophage marker CD68 co-localized in human atherosclerotic lesions. In mice, Cyp26B1 mRNA was higher in atherosclerotic than normal arteries. Databases were queried for non-synonymous CYP26B1 SNPs and rs2241057 selected for further studies. Constructs of the CYP26B1 variants were created and used for production of purified proteins and transfection of macrophage-like cells. The minor variant catabolized retinoic acid with significantly higher efficiency, indicating that rs2241057 is functional and suggesting reduced retinoid availability in tissues with the minor variant. rs2241057 was investigated in a Stockholm Coronary Atherosclerosis Risk Factor (SCARF) subgroup. The minor allele was associated with slightly larger lesions as determined by angiography. In summary, this study identifies the first CYP26B1 polymorphism that alters CYP26B1 capacity to metabolize retinoic acid. CYP26B1 was expressed in macrophage-rich areas of human atherosclerotic lesions, induced by retinoic acid and increased in murine atherosclerosis. Taken together, the results indicate that CYP26B1 capacity is genetically regulated and suggest that local CYP26B1 activity may influence atherosclerosis.
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| 10. |
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