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- Bergland, AK, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Anthocyanin Supplementation on Serum Lipids, Glucose, Markers of Inflammation and Cognition in Adults With Increased Risk of Dementia - A Pilot Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in genetics. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-8021. ; 10, s. 536-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anthocyanins may protect against cardiovascular related cognitive decline and dementia.ObjectiveOpen-label study to measure changes in serum lipids, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and markers of inflammation after anthocyanin supplementation in people with increased risk of dementia. As a secondary endpoint we examined potential changes in a battery of cognitive test in the anthocyanin group (AG). A total of 27 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 8) or stable non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 19) consumed two Medox® capsules, each containing 80 mg of natural purified anthocyanins, twice daily for 16 weeks. They provided blood samples and performed a short battery of cognitive tests. Twenty healthy normal controls (NC) (n = 20) provided blood samples, but did not receive any intervention and did not perform cognitive tests.ResultsThere was a significant difference between groups for monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) and fasting glucose. In addition, total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly increased in the AG. Improvements in memory and executive test scores were observed. No adverse effects were reported.ConclusionThe results of this pilot study were largely inconclusive with regard to the potential protective effects of anthocyanin supplementation. However, anthocyanins were well tolerated, and compliance was high. Larger, placebo-controlled studies to explore the potential effects of anthocyanins on dementia risk are encouraged.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02409446
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- Ervik, AO, et al.
(författare)
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The Associations Between Cognitive Prognosis and Kynurenines Are Modified by the Apolipoprotein ε4 Allele Variant in Patients With Dementia
- 2019
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Ingår i: International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR. - : SAGE Publications. - 1178-6469. ; 12, s. 1178646919885637-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The apolipoprotein E ε4 gene variant (APOEε4) confers considerable risk for dementia and affects neuroinflammation, brain metabolism, and synaptic function. The kynurenine pathway (KP) gives rise to neuroactive metabolites, which have inflammatory, redox, and excitotoxic effects in the brain.Aim:To assess whether the presence of at least one APOEε4 allele modifies the association between kynurenines and the cognitive prognosis.Methods:A total of 152 patients with sera for metabolite measurements and APOE genotype were included from the Dementia Study of Western Norway. The participants had mild Alzheimer disease and Lewy body dementia. Apolipoprotein E ε4 gene variant allele status was classified as one or more ε4 versus any other. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was measured at baseline and for 5 consecutive years. Mann-Whitney U tests and linear mixed-effects models were used for statistical analysis.Results:There were no significant differences in serum concentrations of tryptophan and kynurenine according to the presence or absence of APOEε4. High serum concentrations of kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, and picolinic acid, and a higher kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio, were all associated with more cognitive decline in patients without APOEε4 compared to those with the APOEε4 allele ( P-value of the interactions < .05).Conclusions:Kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, picolinic acid, and the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio were associated with a significant increase in cognitive decline when the APOEε4 variant was absent, whereas there was a relatively less decline when the APOEε4 variant was present.
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