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- Gruber, T, et al.
(författare)
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Geodetic SAR for Height System Unification and Sea Level Research - Observation Concept and Results in the Baltic Sea
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally, sea level is observed at tide gauge stations, which usually also serve as height reference stations for national leveling networks and therefore define a height system of a country. Thus, sea level research across countries is closely linked to height system unification and needs to be regarded jointly. One of the main deficiencies to use tide gauge data for geodetic sea level research and height systems unification is that only a few stations are connected to permanent GNSS receivers next to the tide gauge in order to systematically observe vertical land motion. As a new observation technique, absolute positioning by SAR using active transponders on ground can fill this gap by systematically observing time series of geometric heights at tide gauge stations. By additionally knowing the tide gauge geoid heights in a global height reference frame, one can finally obtain absolute sea level heights at each tide gauge. With this information the impact of climate change on the sea level can be quantified in an absolute manner and height systems can be connected across the oceans. First results from applying this technique at selected tide gauges at the Baltic coasts are promising but also exhibit some problems related to the new technique. The paper presents the concept of using the new observation type in an integrated sea level observing system and provides results for a test network in the Baltic sea area by combining geometric and physical heights with tide gauge readings.
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- Mocroft, A, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Hepatitis C Coinfection and Treatment on Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in HIV-Positive Persons
- 2020
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Ingår i: Open forum infectious diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2328-8957. ; 7:12, s. ofaa470-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection and HCV-RNA in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) in HIV-positive persons remains unclear.MethodsPoisson regression was used to compare incidence rates of DM (blood glucose >11.1 mmol/L, HbA1C >6.5% or >48 mmol/mol, starting antidiabetic medicine or physician reported date of DM onset) between current HIV/HCV groups (anti-HCV-negative, spontaneously cleared HCV, chronic untreated HCV, successfully treated HCV, HCV-RNA-positive after HCV treatment).ResultsA total of 16 099 persons were included; at baseline 10 091 (62.7%) were HCV-Ab-negative, 722 (4.5%) were spontaneous clearers, 3614 (22.4%) were chronically infected, 912 (5.7%) had been successfully treated, and 760 (4.7%) were HCV-RNA-positive after treatment. During 136 084 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; median [interquartile range], 6.9 [3.6–13.2]), 1108 (6.9%) developed DM (crude incidence rate, 8.1/1000 PYFU; 95% CI, 7.7–8.6). After adjustment, there was no difference between the 5 HCV strata in incidence of DM (global P = .33). Hypertension (22.2%; 95% CI, 17.5%–26.2%) and body mass index >25 (22.0%; 95% CI, 10.4%–29.7%) had the largest population-attributable fractions for DM.ConclusionsHCV coinfection and HCV cure were not associated with DM in this large study. The biggest modifiable risk factors were hypertension and obesity, and continued efforts to manage such comorbidities should be prioritized.
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