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- Frogner Kockum, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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A diverse ecosystem response to volcanic aerosols
- 2006
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Ingår i: Chemical Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2541 .- 1872-6836. ; 231:1-2, s. 57-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unexpectedly high aluminium concentrations beside fluoride and essential elements are released from metal salts adsorbed to volcanic ash. Through simulation of the mixing of pristine volcanic ash leachate with fresh water and seawater using PHREEQC, we found an increased potential toxicity in fresh waters through the combination of high aluminium and fluoride concentrations. Owing to the mixing of acid ash leachate with fresh water, aluminofluoride complexes (AlFx+ 3−x) persist in aqueous systems with low turnover rates, and could be toxic to both plants and animals. In contrast, due to the well-buffered and relatively high pH in seawater, the speciation of the ash leachate/seawater mixture shows that complexes of fluoride and aluminium (i.e. AlFx+ 3−x) will not dominate in a well-mixed marine system; instead, Al(OH)x+ 3−x species will occur at greatest concentration. Consequently, compared with fresh water environments, the mixing of ash leachate with seawater indicates reduced toxic effects due to decreased formation of AlFx+ 3−x complexes and the low solubility of Al-hydroxides. In addition, the deposition of volcanic aerosols may enhance biological activity in the marine environment by providing micronutrients as some oceanic phytoplankton species tolerates extreme concentrations of fluoride (F).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gislason, S.R., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental pressure from the 2014–15 eruption of Bárðarbunga volcano, Iceland
- 2015
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Ingår i: Geochemical Perspectives Letters. - : European Association of Geochemistry. - 2410-3403 .- 2410-339X. ; 1:2015, s. 84 - 93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effusive six months long 2014-2015 Bárðarbunga eruption (31 August-27 February) was the largest in Iceland for more than 200 years, producing 1.6 ± 0.3 km3 of lava. The total SO2 emission was 11 ± 5 Mt, more than the amount emitted from Europe in 2011. The ground level concentration of SO2 exceeded the 350 μg m−3 hourly average health limit over much of Iceland for days to weeks. Anomalously high SO2 concentrations were also measured at several locations in Europe in September. The lowest pH of fresh snowmelt at the eruption site was 3.3, and 3.2 in precipitation 105 km away from the source. Elevated dissolved H2SO4, HCl, HF, and metal concentrations were measured in snow and precipitation. Environmental pressures from the eruption and impacts on populated areas were reduced by its remoteness, timing, and the weather. The anticipated primary environmental pressure is on the surfacewaters, soils, and vegetation of Iceland.
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| 4. |
- Mazzetti, M.J., et al.
(författare)
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NORDICCS CCS roadmap
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 51, s. 1-13
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic CCS roadmap is developed in the NORDICCS project, a collaborative research project between leading CCS research institutions in the five Nordic countries. The roadmap will outline jointly developed Nordic strategies for widespread implementation of CCS in the Nordic countries in order to help Nordic industries meet a carbon constrained future with a high price on carbon emissions. It will identify pathways and milestones for large-scale Nordic implementation of CCS resulting in beneficial economies of scale that will increase the likelihood of implementation. Several novel cases will be presented that reveal future Nordic opportunities, including industrial CCS where emitters have large point sources of CO2 localized in clusters, and natural gas sweetening with the potential for use of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) to defray the costs. Recommendations will be made for actions relating to joint political work in the Nordic region for improving the framework conditions for CCS.
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