| 1. |
- Briscoe, Bob, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing Internet Latency : A Survey of Techniques and Their Merits
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials. - : IEEE. - 1553-877X. ; 18:3, s. 2149-2196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Latency is increasingly becoming a performance bottleneck for Internet Protocol (IP) networks, but historically, networks have been designed with aims of maximizing throughput and utilization. This paper offers a broad survey of techniques aimed at tackling latency in the literature up to August 2014, as well as their merits. A goal of this work is to be able to quantify and compare the merits of the different Internet latency reducing techniques, contrasting their gains in delay reduction versus the pain required to implement and deploy them. We found that classifying techniques according to the sources of delay they alleviate provided the best insight into the following issues: 1) The structural arrangement of a network, such as placement of servers and suboptimal routes, can contribute significantly to latency; 2) each interaction between communicating endpoints adds a Round Trip Time (RTT) to latency, particularly significant for short flows; 3) in addition to base propagation delay, several sources of delay accumulate along transmission paths, today intermittently dominated by queuing delays; 4) it takes time to sense and use available capacity, with overuse inflicting latency on other flows sharing the capacity; and 5) within end systems, delay sources include operating system buffering, head-of-line blocking, and hardware interaction. No single source of delay dominates in all cases, and many of these sources are spasmodic and highly variable. Solutions addressing these sources often both reduce the overall latency and make it more predictable.
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| 2. |
- Kang, Jiawen, et al.
(författare)
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Location privacy attacks and defenses in cloud-enabled internet of vehicles
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE wireless communications. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 1536-1284 .- 1558-0687. ; 23:5, s. 52-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As one of the promising branches of the Internet of Things, the cloud-enabled Internet of Vehicles (CE-IoV) is envisioned to serve as an essential data sensing, exchanging, and processing platform with powerful computing and storage capabilities for future intelligent transportation systems. The CE-IoV shows great promise for various emerging applications. In order to ensure uninterrupted and high-quality services, a vehicle should move with its own VM via live VM migration to obtain real-time location-based services. However, the live VM migration may lead to unprecedented location privacy challenges. In this article, we study location privacy issues and defenses in CE-IoV. We first present two kinds of unexplored VM mapping attacks, and thus design a VM identifier replacement scheme and a pseudonym-changing synchronization scheme to protect location privacy. We carry out simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes. Numerical results show that the proposed schemes are effective and efficient with high quality of privacy. © 2016 IEEE.
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| 3. |
- Lyu, Xinchen, et al.
(författare)
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Selective Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing for the Green Internet of Things
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Network. - Piscataway : IEEE. - 0890-8044 .- 1558-156X. ; 32:1, s. 54-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobile edge computing provides the radio access networks with cloud computing capabilities to fulfill the requirements of the Internet of Things services such as high reliability and low latency. Offloading services to edge servers can alleviate the storage and computing limitations and prolong the lifetimes of the IoT devices. However, offloading in MEC faces scalability problems due to the massive number of IoT devices. In this article, we present a new integration architecture of the cloud, MEC, and IoT, and propose a lightweight request and admission framework to resolve the scalability problem. Without coordination among devices, the proposed framework can be operated at the IoT devices and computing servers separately, by encapsulating latency requirements in offloading requests. Then a selective offloading scheme is designed to minimize the energy consumption of devices, where the signaling overhead can be further reduced by enabling the devices to be self-nominated or self-denied for offloading. Simulation results show that our proposed selective offloading scheme can satisfy the latency requirements of different services and reduce the energy consumption of IoT devices. © 2018 IEEE
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| 4. |
- Vollset, Stein Emil, et al.
(författare)
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The association of gastric cancer risk with plasma folate, cobalamin, and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
- 2007
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 16:11, s. 2416-2424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have shown inconsistent associations of folate intake and polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene with gastric cancer risk. Our nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort is the first prospective study of blood folate levels and gastric cancer. Gastric cancer cases (n = 247) and controls (n = 631) were matched for study center, age, sex, and time of blood donation. Two common single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene were determined, as were plasma concentrations of folate, cobalamin (vitamin B12), total homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid (cobalamin deficiency marker) in prediagnostic plasma. Risk measures were calculated with conditional logistic regression. Although no relations were observed between plasma folate or total homocysteine concentrations and gastric cancer, we observed a trend toward lower risk of gastric cancer with increasing cobalamin concentrations (odds ratio, 0.79 per SD increase in cobalamin; P = 0.01). Further analyses showed that the inverse association between cobalamin and gastric cancer was confined to cancer cases with low pepsinogen A levels (marker of severe chronic atrophic gastritis) at the time of blood sampling. The 677 C -> T MTHFR polymorphism was not associated with gastric cancer, but we observed an increased risk with the variant genotype of the 1298 A -> C polymorphism (odds ratio, 1.47 for CC versus AA; P = 0.04). In conclusion, we found no evidence of a role of folate in gastric cancer etiology. However, we observed increased gastric cancer risk at low cobalamin levels that was most likely due to compromised cobalamin status in atrophic gastritis preceding gastric cancer.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Yu, Rong, et al.
(författare)
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An Optimal Replenishment Strategy in Energy Harvesting Wireless Networks with A Mobile Charger
- 2015
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Ingår i: 11th EAI International Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness. - Taipei : The Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering (ICST). - 9781631900631
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy harvesting wireless network is an emerging paradigm where the wireless nodes harvest energy to increase their lifetime. Due to high potential for a large variety of applications, such networks have drawn considerable attention in both industry and academia. In this paper, we consider the energy replenishment problem when the wireless nodes not only harvest energy from the ambient environment but also may receive energy from a mobile charger. We propose an optimal energy replenishment strategy using stochastic inventory theory to derive the optimal amount of energy supplied by the mobile charger. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme not only optimizes the energy utilization, but also improves the economic benefit of the wireless nodes. Copyright © 2015–2015 ICST
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| 7. |
- Yu, Rong, et al.
(författare)
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Price-based Energy Control for V2G Networks in the Industrial Smart Grid
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2015 1st International Conference on Industrial Networks and Intelligent Systems. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 9781631900228 ; , s. 107-112
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy crisis and global warming call for a new industrial revolution in production and distribution of renewable energy. Distributed power generation will be well developed int he new smart electricity distribution grid, in which robust power distribution will be the key technology. In this paper, we presenta new vehicle-to-grid (V2G) network for energy transfer, in which distributed renewable energy helps the power grid balance demand and supply. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) will act as transporters of electricity for distributed renewable energy dispatching. We formulate and analyze the V2G network within the theoretical framework of complex network. We also employthe generalized synchronization method to study the dynamic behavior of V2G networks. Furthermore, we develop a new price-based energy control method to stimulate the PHEV’s behavior of charging and discharging. Simulation results indicate that the V2G network can achieve synchronization and each region is able to balance energy supply and demand through price-based control. © 2015 ICST.
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