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- Goh, C. S., et al.
(författare)
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Magnesium and Aluminium carbon nanotube composites
- 2010
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Ingår i: Key Engineering Materials. - 1013-9826 .- 1662-9795. ; 425, s. 245-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon nanotubes are one of the most exciting discoveries of nanosized materials in the 20th century. Challenges to create materials applicable for industrial applications involve both the incorporation of the carbon nanotubes into the material and to ensure that they do not agglomerate. Aluminium and magnesium based materials are among the metals that can benefit from the incorporation of carbon nanotubes. The fabrication of Aluminium carbon nanotube composites has challenges from reactivity and degradation of the carbon nanotube additions; hence the powder metallurgy route is preferred. Magnesium based materials on the other hand do not have this limitation and both the powder metallurgical route and the casting route are viable. Among the benefits of adding carbon nanotubes are increased yield strength and stiffness. Here is important that the effect is significant already at very low addition levels. This makes it possible to increase strength without having a significant detrimental effect on ductility. In fact, for magnesium alloys ductility can be improved due to the activation of additional slip planes improving the normally low ductility of HCP structure materials. © (2010) Trans Tech Publications.
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| 5. |
- Gu, Y. W., et al.
(författare)
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Solid state synthesis of nanocrystalline and/or amorphous 50Ni-50Ti alloy
- 2005
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 392:1-2, s. 222-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A nanocrystalline/amorphous 50Ni-50Ti alloy was produced by solid state synthesis via mechanical alloying from elemental Ti and Ni powders. Using X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy techniques, a mechanically induced solid state reaction of 50Ni-50Ti was investigated. Results showed that nanocrystalline and amorphous Ni-Ti phases were obtained after mechanical alloying. The mechanical alloying of 50Ni-50Ti for 270 ks led to the formation of f.c.c. Ni(Ti) solid solution, characterized by a lattice parameter of 0.3558 nm, crystallite size of 14 nm and lattice strain of 0.98%. The particle size decreased with increasing milling time. The crystallite size of mechanically alloyed 50Ni-50Ti powders was substantially refined as the milling proceeded and the lattice strain increased with the milling time. The steady-state crystallite size was approximately 10-15 nm. The internal lattice strain in Ni-Ti alloy led to the disordering and the subsequent formation of amorphous alloy during mechanical alloying. After heat treatment at 1100 °C, the as-milled powders transformed into B2-NiTi phase and a small amount of Ti2Ni phase. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Pelkmans, L., et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring the Impact of Sustainability Certification in Relation to Biomass Use for Energy
- 2012
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Ingår i: EUBCE 2012 proceedings. - 9788889407547 ; , s. 2013-2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the public has expressed concern about unintended consequences associated with potentially unsustainable biomass production and use for energy (or biofuels), producers of biomass feedstocks in the private sector as well as governmental and non-governmental organisations have initiated many generally unlinked efforts to define 'sustainable' bioenergy production and supply chains. These 'sustainability' standards may be implemented through certification systems involving 3rd party audit, and influence production systems and trade of bioenergy products from producers to consumers of ‘green' energy. At present numerous biomass and biofuel sustainability certification systems are being developed or implemented by a variety of private and public organisations. Systems are applicable to different feedstock production sectors (forests, agricultural crops), different bioenergy products (relatively unprocessed forest residues, ethanol, biodiesel, electricity), and whole or segments of supply chains (production system, chain of custody from growers to energy consumers). It is expected that such a wide range of systems, developed largely without coordination among the organisations involved, could be problematic for all stakeholders along the supply chain in individual sectors and for those involved in deployment of bioenergy systems globally. These are individual feedstock producers, companies and commodity sectors that must comply with these systems either to maintain market access and share or to comply with legislative mandates, and also consumers who prefer to purchase certified green energy, and regulatory agencies and local to national governments that may be involved in enforcing sustainability standards. The potential for confusion among the actors, depression of markets, and unnecessary restrictions on sustainable trade seems high. Within IEA Bioenergy a strategic study was initiated between Task 40, Task 43 and Task 38 to monitor the actual implementation process of sustainability certification of bioenergy, evaluate how stakeholders are affected by certification initiatives, quantify the anticipated impact on worldwide bioenergy trade, assess the level of coordination among schemes, and make recommendations to remove barriers which may depress markets and reduce sustainable trade. Interaction with different stakeholder groups is one of the main objectives of this study, so we anticipate the recommendations being representative of the whole bioenergy certification sector and therefore having high potential to improve an otherwise uncoordinated interest in ensuring bioenergy trade is sustainable.
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| 10. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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- 2015
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swepub:Mat__t
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