| 1. |
- Bundschuh, Jochen, et al.
(författare)
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Coupling geothermal direct heat with agriculture
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geothermal Water Management. - : CRC Press. - 9781317562580 - 9781138027213 ; , s. 277-300
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the agriculture and agri-food chain industries there is a strong nexus between food, energy and water as it consumes about one-third of the global energy and 80-90% of the world’s freshwater production; freshwater production consumes about 15% of the global energy production (FAO, 2011a, 2011b; Hoff, 2011; IEA, 2012; IRENA, 2015). Therefore, the agri-food chain should be made independent from the use of fossil fuels, which have decreasing and fluctuating reserves but increasing long-term trend in cost, by coupling it to renewable energies such as geothermal. Geothermal water can not only provide energy, but at the same time a source of freshwater (possibly requiring prior treatment, that can, in turn, be done using geothermal heat as the energy source) thereby providing secure, accessible and environmentally sustainable supplies for both of these commodities. It can therefore play a significant role in contributing to future global food security and climate protection as well as other aspects of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The benefits of using geothermal energy are often underestimated, despite it being a limitless, sustainable and constant heat source, available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. This makes its use technically simple, which contrasts with other renewables such as solar energy. Development and commercialization of geothermal water as energy and freshwater sources could have a significant contribution in the reduction of costs in the agro-food sector. However, much work remains to be done to make better use of geothermal energy.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- D'Ambruoso, Lucia, et al.
(författare)
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Rethinking collaboration : developing a learning platform to address under-five mortality in Mpumalanga province, South Africa
- 2019
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Ingår i: Health Policy and Planning. - : Oxford University Press. - 0268-1080 .- 1460-2237. ; 34:6, s. 418-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following 50 years of apartheid, South Africa introduced visionary health policy committing to the right to health as part of a primary health care (PHC) approach. Implementation is seriously challenged, however, in an often-dysfunctional health system with scarce resources and a complex burden of avoidable mortality persists. Our aim was to develop a process generating evidence of practical relevance on implementation processes among people excluded from access to health systems. Informed by health policy and systems research, we developed a collaborative learning platform in which we worked as co-researchers with health authorities in a rural province. This article reports on the process and insights brought by health systems stakeholders. Evidence gaps on under-five mortality were identified with a provincial Directorate after which we collected quantitative and qualitative data. We applied verbal autopsy to quantify levels, causes and circumstances of deaths and participatory action research to gain community perspectives on the problem and priorities for action. We then re-convened health systems stakeholders to analyse and interpret these data through which several systems issues were identified as contributory to under-five deaths: staff availability and performance; service organization and infrastructure; multiple parallel initiatives; and capacity to address social determinants. Recommendations were developed ranging from immediate low- and no-cost re-organization of services to those where responses from higher levels of the system or outside were required. The process was viewed as acceptable and relevant for an overburdened system operating 'in the dark' in the absence of local data. Institutional infrastructure for evidence-based decision-making does not exist in many health systems. We developed a process connecting research evidence on rural health priorities with the means for action and enabled new partnerships between communities, authorities and researchers. Further development is planned to understand potential in deliberative processes for rural PHC.
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| 4. |
- Engelbrecht, J. A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of experimental results with theoretical models for the temperature dependence of the band gap of AlxGa1-xN epilayers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics. - : SPRINGER. - 0957-4522 .- 1573-482X. ; 33, s. 22492-22498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The band gap energies AlxGa1-xN epilayers prepared on two different substrates were assessed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and scanning electron microscopy electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results were compared to various theoretical formulae to calculate the band gap, and deviations elucidated.
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| 5. |
- Hosking, C, et al.
(författare)
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Low central venous oxygen saturation in haemodynamically stabilized trauma patients is associated with poor outcome.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172. ; 55, s. 713-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO(2) ) is suggested to reflect the adequacy of oxygen delivery, and the main objective of the present study was to determine whether ScvO(2) is associated with outcome in haemodynamically stabilized trauma patients. Methods: Haemodynamically unstable trauma patients receiving a central venous line within 1 h of admission were eligible for inclusion in this prospective observational study. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), lactate and ScvO(2) were recorded at inclusion and every 6 h for 36 h or until lactate was <2.0 mmol/l and ScvO(2) was >75% in two consecutive measurements. Patients with a MAP of ≥70 mmHg were considered to be haemodynamically stabilized. The outcome measure was complications defined as infections, delta sequential organ failure assessment score of >0, and mortality. Results: Fifty patients with a median new injury severity score of 27 (17-34) were analysed. Complications occurred in 33 patients. An association between ScvO(2) following resuscitation to MAP ≥70 mmHg and complications was detected with an odds ratio of 0.94 (95% confidence interval; 0.89-0.99). This association was also significant when adjusted for injury severity. The result implies that a low ScvO(2) value is associated with more complications. The optimal cut-off for ScvO(2) to discriminate between patients who did or did not develop complications was found to be 66.5% (56-86%). Conclusions: These data suggest that low ScvO(2) in haemodynamically stabilized patients is associated with a poor outcome and that ScvO(2) represents a potential endpoint of resuscitation in trauma patients.
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| 6. |
- Mahmoudi, H., et al.
(författare)
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A critical overview of renewable energy technologies for desalination
- 2017
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy Technologies for Water Desalination. - : CRC Press. - 9781317287445 - 9781138029170 ; , s. 1-12
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapid population growth and industrialization as well as climatic change have placed increasing strains on global potable water supplies (Caldera et al., 2016; Goosen et al., 2016; Sahin et al., 2016). In particular, the demand for this limited renewable resource is anticipated to intensify due to the requirements of the agricultural, manufacturing and urban sectors. The United Nations World Water Assessment Programme estimates that by 2030 only 60% of the worldwide water needs can be met (Connor, 2015). Additionally, while economic development opens up and advances economies, and creates new wealth, it can be argued that millions of people do not benefit directly from this financial progress (Goosen, 2013; Gottinger and Goosen, 2012). This poses new challenges to the effective governance of potable water resource systems.
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