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- Banerjee, Antara, et al.
(författare)
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Role of Tumor Specific niche in Colon Cancer Progression and Emerging Therapies by Targeting Tumor Microenvironment
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 13. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030790578 - 9783030790585 ; , s. 177-192
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer worldwide leading to escalating mortality rates and mainly includes hereditary, sporadic and colitis-associated cancer development. The escalated mortality rates is due to the limited treatment options as this form of cancer is usually not easy to diagnose in its early stages and are highly invasive leading to rapid metastasis of the malignant cells to the neighbouring tissue. In order to combat this limitation several chemotherapeutic regimens are now being combined with targeted therapies after the knowledge acquired on the inevitable effects of the tumor microenvironment on the colon cancer growth and progress. The colon tumor niche mainly consists of a large mass of tumor cells along with various immune cells, inflammatory cells, tumor macrophages and fibroblasts that infiltrate the tumor as it is a site of predominant inflammation. Among cells of the microenvironment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibiting ability to evolve into cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have recently generated a major interest in the field. The physiological state of the tumor microenvironment is closely connected to discrete steps of tumorigenesis. The colon cancer cells elicit various factors with their direct interaction with MSCs or via paracrine fashion, which modulate these cells to promote cancer instead of performing their innate function of abating cancer progression. This review intends to highlight the necessity to exploit the cellular landscape of tumor microenvironment of colon cancer and a detailed understanding of the interactions between tumor epithelial cells and their stromal/inflammatory elements will aid in future perspectives for designing therapeutic regimens targeting tumor microenvironment to improve the clinical outcome of colon cancer.
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| 2. |
- Gopi, Janani, et al.
(författare)
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Functionality of Intron-Specific Genes and Cancer Stem Cells in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer Stem Cells: New Horizons in Cancer Therapies. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811551192 - 9789811551208 ; , s. 223-239
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review article deals with comprehensive information about the evolutionary history of introns with their localization and functions in the gene transcripts of colorectal cancer precisely. In this way, the major breakthrough in the molecular biology discipline was the discovery of introns by Richard Robert and Phil Sharp in 1977. Firstly, noncoding regions are recognized by various assortments of regulatory ncRNA sequences such as circular RNA, telomere-associated RNA, small nuclear RNA, Piwi-interacting RNA, small interfering RNA, small nucleolar RNA, microRNA, and long noncoding RNA. Fortunately, splicing process of mRNA strand deals with the excision of introns via spliceosomal proteins into mature mRNA which is witnessed only in eukaryotic organisms and devoid of the splicing machinery components in the prokaryotic organisms. The major focal point relies on intronic genes mainly involved in the progression of colorectal cancer with preliminary information. An alternative splicing process takes place in mRNA that implicates in intron retention leading to varied gene expression in cells and tissues and their promotion in colorectal cancer. Therefore, colorectal cancer-associated diseases have paved the way to know more about the intronic genes mainly concentrated among them in the progression of the related diseases. Hence, the focus of the researchers is toward the fascinating cellular and molecular biology aspects of the regulatory intronic sequences known to enhance as well as repress particular gene expression in tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer by analyzing the genome and proteome levels for the betterment of human kind that is intended for various therapeutic purposes.
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