| 1. |
- Gopi, Janani, et al.
(författare)
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Functionality of Intron-Specific Genes and Cancer Stem Cells in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer Stem Cells: New Horizons in Cancer Therapies. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811551192 - 9789811551208 ; , s. 223-239
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review article deals with comprehensive information about the evolutionary history of introns with their localization and functions in the gene transcripts of colorectal cancer precisely. In this way, the major breakthrough in the molecular biology discipline was the discovery of introns by Richard Robert and Phil Sharp in 1977. Firstly, noncoding regions are recognized by various assortments of regulatory ncRNA sequences such as circular RNA, telomere-associated RNA, small nuclear RNA, Piwi-interacting RNA, small interfering RNA, small nucleolar RNA, microRNA, and long noncoding RNA. Fortunately, splicing process of mRNA strand deals with the excision of introns via spliceosomal proteins into mature mRNA which is witnessed only in eukaryotic organisms and devoid of the splicing machinery components in the prokaryotic organisms. The major focal point relies on intronic genes mainly involved in the progression of colorectal cancer with preliminary information. An alternative splicing process takes place in mRNA that implicates in intron retention leading to varied gene expression in cells and tissues and their promotion in colorectal cancer. Therefore, colorectal cancer-associated diseases have paved the way to know more about the intronic genes mainly concentrated among them in the progression of the related diseases. Hence, the focus of the researchers is toward the fascinating cellular and molecular biology aspects of the regulatory intronic sequences known to enhance as well as repress particular gene expression in tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer by analyzing the genome and proteome levels for the betterment of human kind that is intended for various therapeutic purposes.
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| 2. |
- Gopinath, Madhumala, et al.
(författare)
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Role of Hippo Pathway Effector Tafazzin Protein in Maintaining Stemness of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UC-MSC)
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research. - : Tehran University of Medical Sciences. - 2008-3009 .- 2008-2207. ; 12:2, s. 153-165
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tafazzin (TAZ) protein has been upregulated in various types of human cancers, although the basis for elevation is uncertain, it has been made definite that the effect of mutation in the hippo pathway, particularly when it is switched off, considerably activates tafazzin transcriptionally and thus this results in tissue or tumor overgrowth. Recent perceptions into the activity of tafazzin, have ascribed to it, a role as stem cell factor in mouse mesenchymal and as well as in neural stem cells. Being a downstream molecule in Hippo signalling, phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of tafazzin gene regulates its transcriptional activity and the stemness of mesenchymal stem cells. Commonly, extracellular matrix controls the stem cell fate commitment and perhaps tafazzin controls stemness through altering the extra cellular matrix. Extracellular matrix is generally made up of prime proteoglycans and the fate stabilization of the resulting lineages is surveilled by engineering these glycans. Tafazzin degradation and addition of proteoglycans affect physical attributes of the extracellular matrix that drives cell differentiation into various lineages. Thus, tafazzin along with major glycans present in the extracellular matrix is involved in imparting stemness. However, there are incoherent molecular events, wherein both tafazzin and the extracellular matrix components, together either activate or inhibit differentiation of stem cells. This review discusses about the role of tafazzin oncoprotein as a stemness factor.
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| 3. |
- Paramita, Pragyan, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of potential anti-cancer activity of cationic liposomal nanoformulated Lycopodium clavatum in colon cancer cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: IET Nanobiotechnology. - : INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET. - 1751-8741 .- 1751-875X. ; 12:6, s. 727-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research dealing with early diagnosis and efficient treatment in colon cancer to improve patients survival is still under investigation. Chemotherapeutic agent result in high systemic toxicity due to their non-specific actions on DNA repair and/or cell replication. Traditional medicine such as Lycopodium clavatum (LC) has been claimed to have therapeutic potentials against cancer. The present study focuses on targeted drug delivery of cationic liposomal nanoformulated LC (CL-LC) in colon cancer cells (HCT15) and comparing the efficacy with an anti-colon cancer drug, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN38) along with its nanoformulated form (CL-SN38). The colloidal suspension of LC was made using thin film hydration method. The drugs were characterised using ultraviolet, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, energy, dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Invitro drug release showed kinetics of 49 and 89% of SN38 and LC, whereas CL-SN38 and CL-LC showed 73 and 74% of sustained drug release, respectively. Studies on morphological changes, cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cancer-associated gene expression analysis of Bcl-2, Bax, p53 by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis of Bad and p53 protein were performed. Nanoformulated LC significantly inhibited growth and increased the apoptosis of colon cancer cells indicating its potential anti-cancer activity against colon cancer cells.
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| 4. |
- Pathak, Surajit, et al.
(författare)
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Review on comparative efficacy of bevacizumab, panitumumab and cetuximab antibody therapy with combination of FOLFOX-4 in KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 9:7, s. 7739-7748
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer, fourth leading form of cancer worldwide and is increasing in alarming rate in the developing countries. Treating colorectal cancer has become a big challenge worldwide and several antibody therapies such as bevacizumab, panitumumab and cetuximab are being used with limited success. Moreover, mutation in KRAS gene which is linked with the colorectal cancer initiation and progression further interferes with the antibody therapies. Considering median progression free survival and overall survival in account, this review focuses to identify the most efficient antibody therapy in combination with chemotherapy (FOLFOX-4) in KRAS mutated colorectal cancer patients. The bevacizumab plus FOLFOX-4 therapy shows about 9.3 months and 8.7 months of progression free survival for KRAS wild and mutant type, respectively. The overall survival is about 34.8 months for wild type whereas for the mutant it is inconclusive for the same therapy. In comparison, panitumumab results in better progression-free survival which is about (9.6 months) and overall survival is about (23.9 months) for the wild type KRAS and the overall survival is about 15.5 months for the mutant KRAS. Cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 therapy shows about 7.7 months and 5.5 months of progression-free survival for wild type KRAS and mutant type, respectively. Thus, panitumumab shows significant improvement in overall survival rate for wild type KRAS, validating as a cost effective therapeutic for colorectal cancer therapy. This review depicts that panitumumab along with FOLFOX-4 has a higher response in colorectal cancer patients than the either of the two monoclonal antibodies plus FOLFOX-4.
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| 5. |
- Pathak, Surajit, et al.
(författare)
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Significant expression of tafazzin (TAZ) protein in colon cancer cells and its downregulation by radiation
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Biology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0955-3002 .- 1362-3095. ; 94:1, s. 79-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To demonstrate the radiation responses of tafazzin (TAZ) protein in colon cancer. Methods: TAZ expression was examined in colon cancer cell lines SW480, KM12C, SW620 and KM12L4a. KM12C and KM12L4a cell lines were used for this experiment with exposure to X- and UV rays (mW/cm(2)). HCT15 cell line was used to test the expression of TAZ by using an anti-TAZ drug, namely 9-fluorenone, which is a Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling inhibitor. The experimentation also involved exposing HCT15 cell line, to UV radiation. Cell proliferation and apoptosis studies were carried out. TAZ interactions with oncoproteins were screened and the oncoproteins Livin, MAC30 and FXYD-3 were considered for in silico protein-protein interaction studies. Results: TAZ protein was significantly downregulated after 2Gy radiations. 9-Fluorenone inhibited the expression of TAZ. Action of 9-fluorenone along with radiation, decreased the percentage of proliferation and increased apoptosis. Computational studies predicted that TAZ interacts with the oncoproteins Livin, MAC30 and FXYD-3. Conclusions: Our results suggest that TAZ plays a significant role in non-metastatic KM12C cells and is predominantly seen in the colon cancer cells isolated from primary stages of cancer. Thus, use of TAZ protein as a biomarker will be an efficient way to detect tumors in the early stages and treatment may be modulated with radiation before surgery/therapy.
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| 6. |
- Subramaniam, Vimala Devi, et al.
(författare)
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Health hazards of nanoparticles: understanding the toxicity mechanism of nanosized ZnO in cosmetic products
- 2019
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Ingår i: Drug and chemical toxicology (New York, N.Y. 1978). - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0148-0545 .- 1525-6014. ; 42:1, s. 84-93
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, nanoparticles are being used extensively in personal healthcare products such as cosmetics, sunscreens, soaps, and shampoos. Particularly, metal oxide nanoparticles are gaining competence as key industrial constituents, progressing toward a remarkable rise in their applications. Zinc oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles are the most commonly employed metal oxide nanoparticles in sunscreens, ointments, foot care, and over the counter topical products. Dermal exposure to these metal oxides predominantly occurs through explicit use of cosmetic products and airway exposure to nanoparticle dusts is primarily mediated via occupational exposure. There is a compelling need to understand the toxicity effects of nanoparticles which can easily enter the cells and induce oxidative stress. Consequently, these products have become a direct source of pollution in the environment and thereby greatly impact our ecosystem. A complete understanding of the toxicity mechanism of nano-ZnO is intended to resolve whether and to what extent such nanoparticles may pose a threat to the environment and to human beings. In this review article, we have discussed the characteristics of metal oxide nanoparticles and its applications in the cosmetic industry. We have also highlighted about their toxicity effects and their impact on human health.
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