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| 2. |
- Atanassov, A, et al.
(författare)
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Grazing incident asymmetric X-ray diffraction of beta-FeSi2 layers, produced by ion beam synthesis
- 2004
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Ingår i: Vacuum. - : Elsevier BV. - 0042-207X .- 1879-2715. ; 76:02-Mar, s. 277-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crystal structure of beta-FeSi2 phase, prepared by ion beam synthesis (IBS) method, followed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) is investigated by grazing incident asymmetric X-ray diffraction (GIAXRD). The X-ray spectra, obtained at different grazing angles, indicated that the beta-FeSi2 phase is formed in the whole implantation range. From the comparison of the reflections intensities ratios, it is found that in the metal-deficient regions, where the beta-FeSi2 phase is present in the form of precipitates, the crystallites orientation is influenced by the one of the silicon substrates, while the orientation in the metal-rich region is different and depends on the annealing temperature. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Budinova, T., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization and application of activated carbon produced by H3PO4 and water vapor activation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Fuel processing technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3820 .- 1873-7188. ; 87:10, s. 899-905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activated carbons have been prepared from woody biomass birch by using various activation procedures: a) treatment with phosphoric acid and pyrolysis at 600 degrees C in inert atmosphere, b) the same as in (a) followed by steam activation at the same temperature and c) treatment with phosphoric acid and direct pyrolysis in a stream of water vapor at 700 degrees C. The surface area and the porosity of the activated carbons were strongly dependent on the treatment after impregnation with H3PO4 (pyrolysis in inert atmosphere, steam pyrolysis or combination of both). Activated carbon, prepared by impregnation with phosphoric acid followed by steam pyrolysis (steam activation) had highly developed porous structure and the largest surface area among all prepared carbons (iodine number 1280 mg/g and BET surface area 1360 m(2)/g). The adsorption capacity of this sample for Hg(II) from aqueous solution was studied in varying treatment conditions: contact time, metal ion concentration and pH. The adsorption followed Langmuir isotherms and the adsorption capacity for Hg(II) at 293 K was 160 mg/g.
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| 4. |
- Toneva, A, et al.
(författare)
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FeSi2 thin films investigated by X-ray photoelectron and infrared spectroscopy
- 2000
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Ingår i: Vacuum. - 0042-207X .- 1879-2715. ; 58:2-3, s. 420-427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin films of iron silicide prepared by ion-beam and by electron-beam evaporation of iron on silicon substrates and following rapid thermal processing are investigated. Low-energy argon ion sputtering of surface layer is used for depth profile XPS analysis. The Si2p, Fe2p3/2, O1s and C1s electron spectra are recorded. On the basis of established binding energies and infrared transmission spectra (200–600 cm−1) conclusion are made about the effect of the annealing temperature and duration on the chemical bond type and phase composition of the iron silicide films.
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