| 1. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
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100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625, s. 329-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales1–4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution5–7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebølle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use.
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| 2. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994, s. 301-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
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| 3. |
- Bro-Jørgensen, Maiken Hemme, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic insights on the extinct Baltic harp seal population
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The harp seal is a cold adapted seal species, which requires a suitable formation of pack ice during winter and spring to secure successfully breeding. Today harp seals live in sub-Arctic regions and the North Atlantic, but during the middle Holocene Period, a breeding population existed in the Baltic Sea. In order to investigate the genetic affinity and faith of the now extinct Baltic harp seal population we analysed contemporary and ancient mitogenomes from across the species contemporary and ancient range. Ancient mitochondrial genomes were generated for a total of 49 Baltic harp seals ranging from Late Mesolithic to the Iron Age, together with five Neolithic samples from the White Sea and two Neolithic samples from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. The ancient data was compared to published modern harp seal data assigned to the present breeding populations around Newfoundland, the Greenland Sea and the White Sea. Surprisingly only limited phylogenetic resolution was found among the ancient and modern localities. The statistical measures for genetic differentiation, however, identified significant levels of population genetic differentiation between the Baltic harp seal population and all modern populations, which suggest an independent breeding population in the Baltic Sea. The low level of genetic differentiation to the White Sea population indicate a shared ancestry between the Baltic and White Sea. The generated Skyline plot suggest second wave of colonization after a hiatus in the Baltic Sea. Interestingly, the genetic diversity in the Baltic harp seal population was significantly higher than in any of the modern populations. However, a drastic decrease in genetic diversity is observed from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, which might be linked to effects of high hunting pressure and climatic changes towards the final extirpation of harp seals in the Baltic.
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| 4. |
- Fischer, Anders, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Vittrup Man-The life-history of a genetic foreigner in Neolithic Denmark.
- 2024
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Ingår i: PloS one. - 1932-6203. ; 19:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lethally maltreated body of Vittrup Man was deposited in a Danish bog, probably as part of a ritualised sacrifice. It happened between c. 3300 and 3100 cal years BC, i.e., during the period of the local farming-based Funnel Beaker Culture. In terms of skull morphological features, he differs from the majority of the contemporaneous farmers found in Denmark, and associates with hunter-gatherers, who inhabited Scandinavia during the previous millennia. His skeletal remains were selected for transdisciplinary analysis to reveal his life-history in terms of a population historical perspective. We report the combined results of an integrated set of genetic, isotopic, physical anthropological and archaeological analytical approaches. Strontium signature suggests a foreign birthplace that could be in Norway or Sweden. In addition, enamel oxygen isotope values indicate that as a child he lived in a colder climate, i.e., to the north of the regions inhabited by farmers. Genomic data in fact demonstrates that he is closely related to Mesolithic humans known from Norway and Sweden. Moreover, dietary stable isotope analyses on enamel and bone collagen demonstrate a fisher-hunter way of life in his childhood and a diet typical of farmers later on. Such a variable life-history is also reflected by proteomic analysis of hardened organic deposits on his teeth, indicating the consumption of forager food (seal, whale and marine fish) as well as farmer food (sheep/goat). From a dietary isotopic transect of one of his teeth it is shown that his transfer between societies of foragers and farmers took place near to the end of his teenage years.
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| 5. |
- Goicolea, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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The Promise of Belonging : Racialized Youth Subject Positions in the Swedish Rural North
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of International Migration and Integration. - : Springer. - 1488-3473 .- 1874-6365. ; 24, s. 695-713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses how youth subject positions of the ‘racialized other’ are produced, and how these positions interconnect with the concept of belonging to the rural community. We do this by analysing 15 group discussions with 63 young people living in rural areas in northern Sweden taking a discursive psychology approach, and focusing on how discourses produce certain subject positions of ‘the racialized other’. Drawing on the concepts of the politics of belonging and the ‘stranger’, we argue that discourses on belonging to the (rural) community create boundaries that exclude ‘other’ youth, as well as resistance and contestation. The subject positions that such discourses produce represent racialized youth in stereotypical ways and imply a promise of belonging for certain ‘others’ based on their fulfilment of particular norms. However, such a depoliticized promise of belonging that places the responsibility for becoming integrated on the ‘others’ was also challenged. Firstly, in relation to criticisms of the welfare system, and secondly, in relation to racism as an unwelcome threat in rural communities.
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| 6. |
- Goicolea, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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Widening the scope of mental health with a 'youth centred' approach : a qualitative study involving health care professionals in Sweden’s youth clinics
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore how health care providers at youth clinics (YCs) in Sweden engage with, focus on, and navigate across the mental health youth space, while upholding the core bedrock principle of "youth-centeredness".Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 health care professionals working in three YCs located in three different regions of Sweden. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis informed by the work of Braun and Clarke.Results: The three themes were: 1) "youth mission-at the core of the YCs" work and challenged by a stronger involvement in mental ill health'; 2) "YCs" unique and complementary role in the youth mental health system: a holistic perspective, team work, and a focus on normalization', and 3) "Caught between a rock and a hard place: to treat at a care level that is not optimal for the young users" needs or to refer within an unreliable system'.Conclusion: This study reflects the individuality and key features of YCs, their widening roles within the mental health sphere, and the challenges faced in maintaining and expanding the characteristic "youth-centred" approach while expanding their work with mental health
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| 7. |
- Gotfredsen, Anne Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Carving out space for collective action : a study on how girls respond to everyday stressors within leisure participation
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Stress and achievement pressure constitute factors affecting young people's mental health, especially among girls. Leisure participation holds the potential to be a collective space where young people can respond to stressors together. This study explores how girls collectively construct responses to daily stressors within the context of leisure participation. Methods:Nine focus groups were conducted with 16 girls aged 14-21 who were active members in two sport organizations in northern Sweden. Data was collected by using participatory observations and photo-elicited focus group discussions. Results:Our findings from the inductive thematic analysis were interpreted by combining the stress process model with social practice theory, resulting in three subthemes or responses: sharing sites of responsibility, resisting norms related to (gendered) youth and focused distraction. The subthemes were abstracted into the central theme of trustful belonging as a resource for collective responses, representing what pre-conditions need to be in place to make the responses possible. Conclusion:Leisure participation is an important relational space for young people to respond to stressors by making use of everyday routines, and the agency these social practices hold. However, the effort needed to respond to these stressors brought additional pressure in terms of responsibilities, and achievements.
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| 8. |
- Gotfredsen, Anne C., et al.
(författare)
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'I teach them that anything is possible' : exploring how adult leaders perceive and handle social factors of youth mental health in the context of young people’s civic engagement
- 2021
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Ingår i: Community Development Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0010-3802 .- 1468-2656. ; 56:3, s. 506-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this qualitative study was 2-fold: to explore, in the context of young people’s civic engagement in Sweden, (i) how adult leaders perceive social factors of youth mental health and (ii) how adult leaders handle such social factors within their organizations. Interviews were conducted with leaders engaged in various civic organizations that provide leisure activities for young people. Using thematic analysis, three themes were constructed. Firstly, the social landscape of youth mental health described how adult leaders perceived the social factors of youth mental health within the context of civic engagement. Secondly, the organizational structures developed by adult leaders illustrated the organizing forms that leaders created for young people’s civic engagement. Thirdly, adult leaders’ strategies for addressing the social factors of youth mental health reflected the strategies developed to handle e.g. stress and achievement pressure. The adult leaders recognized the importance of their organizations and their huge potential to have a positive impact on youth mental health. However, some participants also saw limitations in terms of their own resources and competence. They found themselves having to address the complex issue of social factors of youth mental health regardless of whether they felt competent and prepared to do this or not. Our findings contribute to the existing knowledge on youth and community development via the role of adult leaders in promoting young people’s mental health by highlighting the organizational structures and leadership strategies developed by them.
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| 9. |
- Gotfredsen, Anne, 1981-
(författare)
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Carving out collective spaces : Exploring the complexities of gender and everyday stressors within rural youth leisure
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The reasons why young people are increasingly suffering frommental health problems, and the opportunities to turn this development aroundare globally debated. Stressors such as education, relationships, futuretrajectories of housing and employment all constitute important factors affectingyoung people’s mental health, leading to stress and achievement pressureespecially among girls and young women. The need to reduce individualization ofyoung people’s health problems, and instead encourage spaces for collectivesupport, action, and change has been called for in previous studies. Leisureparticipation has the potential to be such a collective space where young peopletogether can respond to stressors experienced in their daily life. Apart fromstudies on individual behavior change, leisure participation has been anoverlooked arena within public health and within research on young people’smental health and stress in particular. The complexity of youth leisure, especiallyin relation to gender and spatiality, calls for further investigation, exploring thesocial places of leisure that young people create themselves.Aim: The aim of this thesis is to understand how places of youth leisure areperceived and collectively constructed as social factors of youth mental health,and to analyze the strategies developed within these places to handle and respondto the everyday stressors experienced by young people.Conceptual framework: The analysis builds on four conceptual sections: (i)The stress process model explores stressors as situated in a wider social context,where social factors shape both the stressors that affect mental health, theresources to handle those stressors as well as the mental health outcomes. (ii) Thesocial practice theory highlights how social practices within places of leisure canbe identified as resources in relation to responses to stressors. (iii) The thirdsection of the framework takes on the relationship between stress, leisure, andpost-feminist perspectives on gender and successful femininity. The final section(iv) outlines leisure as a spatial (re)construction; emphasizing rural space andplace in relation to gender, stress, and precarity.Methods: This thesis builds on two sub-studies, generating three papers. SubstudyI is based on data from individual interviews with eight adult leaders fromdifferent leisure organizations (paper 1), and sub-study II (paper 2 and 3) is basedon an ethnographic multiple-case study with 16 girls (age 14-21) from two leisureorganizations. The setting for both sub-studies is rural northern Sweden. Thematerial from the ethnographic study was collected through participatoryobservations and focus group discussions using photo elicitation. For the first andsecond paper, thematic analysis was used as an analytical strategy, while a4discursive psychology approach (interpretative repertoires) was used for the thirdand final paper.Results: The first part of the results concerns how girls and adult leadersperceived and experienced daily stressors within the context of youth leisure.Such stressors were represented by the high demands girls face in relation toachievement pressure and time management, school, gender norms andexpectations, but also in relation to their leisure engagement. The second partexplores how the girls and adult leaders developed and negotiated strategies torespond to stressors, within the context of leisure. Responses were constructedthrough daily social practices within the context of leisure e.g. through sharingexperiences of stress with each other, based on a sense of belonging and trust. Inthe final part, rurality holds a central position in how place and space werediscursively constructed by the participants, in relation to leisure, gender, andstressors. Here, one of the main results in the third part was the complexity ofhow the participants’ constructed leisure as a place of wellbeing. In order to buildand maintain a space that enabled responses to stressors, the girls constantlyneeded to invest time, engagement, achievements, and emotions. In addition,places of leisure needed to be constructed in certain ways to be perceived asbeneficial and ‘positive’, for example as a place marked by respectability and selfdevelopment.This illustrates the precarity of youth leisure where educational andlabor-market opportunities have changed how young people now understand freetime as something that should be ‘productive and meaningful’. The metaphor of‘carving out spaces’ speaks for the effort the girls had to make in order to createand sustain such places; not only in relation to a successful femininity, but alsoin relation to the rural community and the survival of rural places of leisure.Conclusions: This study contributes to a better understanding of youth leisure,and how to build sustainable and inclusive places of leisure from a gender andrural perspective. Places of leisure and civic engagement are perceived asimportant social factors of youth mental health, and needs to be taken intoconsiderations when young people’s stress and mental health are discussed.Places of youth leisure are spaces where responses to everyday stressors can becollectively developed. At the same time, youth leisure is also precarious,demanding, and contributes to the reproduction of gendered discourses onrespectability and responsibility, both in relation to a successful femininity, butalso in making it work for the rural collective.
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| 10. |
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