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- Graff, Jens, 1945-
(författare)
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Career as an experiential learning voyage : Development of experiential assessment methodology in a lifelong learning context
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This research is in the management discipline, more specifically in human resource management concerned with staffing. It examines a relatively new phenomenon: career changes by a special cadre of individuals who have advanced education and training, perhaps a doctoral degree in sciences, humanities, or engineering, and who, at the dusk of their careers, became entrepreneurial and strive to switch from an executive position in business to an academic post or vice versa. In the light of recent societal and environmental developments, and the fact that people more often change careers, there is a growing need for systematic assessment processes. For people who want to change careers at an older age, there are no assessment models available and consulting agencies have not specialized in these areas.By using the assessment methodology developed in this research, it is possible to assess a person’s lifelong careers and to use these assessments in recruitment situations. The models explain how to select shortlisted candidates. The models are based on learning theory, especially experiential learning theory which is particularly important for candidates with lifelong careers and older exam certificates. The models give special attention to the learning that has taken place in practice for people aspiring to change careers. The respondents of the empirical study were of this type. Ten people with lifelong careers were interviewed through a narrative method but guided through a learning model of content, incentive, and interaction. Their cases have been related to experiential learning theory to give a foundation for developing an assessment methodology of lifelong careers. The concepts of competence and employability are central, as assessment has to be towards an object and purpose: a candidate for a job in a recruitment situation.The special characteristic of this study is that it deals with people who show entrepreneurial behavior by shifting to business after a long career in academia, or vice versa. For them a lifewide career can be described by the occupation they have had in the two professions, academia and business. Lifelong careers give candidates possibilities to see their lives’ courses in retrospect and to assess their careers. Based on recruitment criteria set up by the employer, candidates have the opportunity to deliver information and evidence for employability through describing their competences to assessors. Special weight should be put on describing the life courses through eras of their professional lives and what has motivated them in specific eras – and especially what has motivated them to change careers.The portfolio is a tool suitable for lifelong career reporting – especially on the candidate side as this gives him a “database” from which he can tailor job applications and address employer requirements. On the employer side, there is a need for assessment methods to select the best candidates. With the assessment methodology developed in this research, employers have models and tools for more objective recruitment of candidates. This research provides concrete methods for assessing candidates and models for quantitatively prioritizing shortlisted candidates. The aim of the study is to make assessment methodology and tools for recruiting purposes, especially for entrepreneurial people with a lifelong career.
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| 2. |
- Graff, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive dissonance in post purchase period : evidence from mobile phone users
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study investigates whether the cognitive dissonance exists in post purchase phase in mobile phone industry. It is not certain that mobile phone users are fully satisfied since they are usually confused with abundant information during purchasing period. Three dissonant dimensions were measured with two-hundred-and-eighty-three university students. The results provide interesting insights. The major differences between high and low dissonance group are: ‘influence by other people’s opinion’, ‘difficulty in searching information’, ‘product involvement’, and ‘satisfaction with mobile phone/operator’. The findings reveal that consumers are ‘not unhappy’ with their mobile phone/operator, but not extremely happy either. There is ample room for improvements. For marketers, the consumer perceptions toward communication messages should be given high priority. The messages need to be straightforward and clear in the consumers’ interpretation.
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| 5. |
- Graff, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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On the Development of Competence : The Role of Mentorship
- 2015
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Ingår i: 23rd NORDIC ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the goals of the Nordic Academy of Management is the “Fostering (of) the development of competence in research and education in the field of business administration in the Nordic countries” (Conference, 2015). The premise of this paper is that mentoring can and should play a role in competence development. The purpose of this paper is to link mentoring to learning as it must be – the meaning of mentoring being to teach another person or persons some understanding, skills, or competences, which the mentor has him/her-self and is seen as useful for the mentee. In general, as explained in Bloom’s taxonomy, learning has many levels (Graff, 2008). In classrooms one can progress in the taxonomy through learning methods, which in varied degrees address different learning outcomes. An individual can hardly, however, reach the highest levels of the taxonomy through formal education. It demands practicing. Mentoring has its force in learning from experienced individuals. Typically, mentors have some years of training in the trade in which the mentoring takes place. It is a kind of apprentice learning, although the mentee can be of whatever age. Motivation plays a role and can be internally or externally driven. The mentor can by motivating the mentee enhance the mentee’s learning and actually also his own learning. It is said that if one wants to get a thorough understanding of a subject one should teach it. A parallel might be drawn between academic institutions and professional service firms (PSFs) in which a professor is the equivalent of a PSF senior partner.
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| 6. |
- Graff, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Post-purchase cognitive dissonance : Evidence from the mobile phone market
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology Marketing. - 1741-878X .- 1741-8798. ; 7:1, s. 32-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates whether cognitive dissonance exists in the post-purchase phase in the mobile phone industry. It asks if mobile phone users are fully satisfied since they are usually overloaded with information during the purchasing period. Three dimensions of dissonance were measured in 283 university students. The results provide interesting insights. The major differences between the high and low dissonance groups are being influenced by other people’s opinions, difficulty in finding information, product involvement, and satisfaction with mobile phones/operators. These findings reveal that consumers are ‘not unhappy’ with their mobile phones/operators, but not extremely happy either. However, there is ample room for improvements in the level of consumer satisfaction. Marketers should give consumers’ perceptions of communicated messages high priority. The messages need to be straightforward and clear in the consumers’ interpretation as this will reduce negative feelings after purchase.
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| 8. |
- Le Guen, Yann, et al.
(författare)
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Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 120:36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues.
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| 9. |
- Linnemann, Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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NfL reliability across laboratories, stage-dependent diagnostic performance and matrix comparability in genetic FTD: a large GENFI study
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY. - 0022-3050 .- 1468-330X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundBlood neurofilament light chain (NfL) is increasingly considered as a key trial biomarker in genetic frontotemporal dementia (gFTD). We aimed to facilitate the use of NfL in gFTD multicentre trials by testing its (1) reliability across labs; (2) reliability to stratify gFTD disease stages; (3) comparability between blood matrices and (4) stability across recruiting sites.MethodsComparative analysis of blood NfL levels in a large gFTD cohort (GENFI) for (1)-(4), with n=344 samples (n=148 presymptomatic, n=11 converter, n=46 symptomatic subjects, with mutations in C9orf72, GRN or MAPT; and n=139 within-family controls), each measured in three different international labs by Simoa HD-1 analyzer.ResultsNfL revealed an excellent consistency (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.964) and high reliability across the three labs (maximal bias (pg/mL) in Bland-Altman analysis: 1.12 +/- 1.20). High concordance of NfL across laboratories was moreover reflected by high areas under the curve for discriminating conversion stage against the (non-converting) presymptomatic stage across all three labs. Serum and plasma NfL were largely comparable (ICC 0.967). The robustness of NfL across 13 recruiting sites was demonstrated by a linear mixed effect model.ConclusionsOur results underline the suitability of blood NfL in gFTD multicentre trials, including cross-lab reliable stratification of the highly trial-relevant conversion stage, matrix comparability and cross-site robustness.
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| 10. |
- Luo, Jiao, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Associations Between Modifiable Risk Factors and Alzheimer Disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 6:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE An estimated 40% of dementia is potentially preventable by modifying 12 risk factors throughout the life course. However, robust evidence for most of these risk factors is lacking. Effective interventions should target risk factors in the causal pathway to dementia.OBJECTIVE To comprehensively disentangle potentially causal aspects of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD) to inspire new drug targeting and improved prevention.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This genetic association study was conducted using 2-sample univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization. Independent genetic variants associated with modifiable risk factors were selected as instrumental variables from genomic consortia. Outcome data for AD were obtained from the European Alzheimer & Dementia Biobank (EADB), generated on August 31, 2021. Main analyses were conducted using the EADB clinically diagnosed end point data. All analyses were performed between April 12 and October 27, 2022.EXPOSURES Genetically determined modifiable risk factors. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for AD were calculated per 1-unit change of genetically determined risk factors.RESULTS The EADB-diagnosed cohort included 39106 participants with clinically diagnosed AD and 401577 control participants without AD. The mean age ranged from 72 to 83 years for participants with AD and 51 to 80 years for control participants. Among participants with AD, 54% to 75% were female, and among control participants, 48% to 60% were female. Genetically determined high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were associated with increased odds of AD (OR per 1-SD increase, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.05-1.16]). Genetically determined high systolic blood pressure was associated with increased risk of AD after adjusting for diastolic blood pressure (OR per 10-mm Hg increase, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.02-1.46]). In a second analysis to minimize bias due to sample overlap, the entire UK Biobank was excluded from the EADB consortium; odds for AD were similar for HDL cholesterol (OR per 1-SD unit increase, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.02-1.15]) and systolic blood pressure after adjusting for diastolic blood pressure (OR per 10-mm Hg increase, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.01-1.50]).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This genetic association study found novel genetic associations between high HDL cholesterol concentrations and high systolic blood pressure with higher risk of AD. These findings may inspire new drug targeting and improved prevention implementation.
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