| 1. |
- Fyndanis, Valantis, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-linguistic adaptations of The Comprehensive Aphasia Test : Challenges and solutions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9206 .- 1464-5076. ; 31:7-9, s. 697-710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative research on aphasia and aphasia rehabilitation is challenged by the lack of comparable assessment tools across different languages. In English, a large array of tools is available, while in most other languages, the selection is more limited. Importantly, assessment tools are often simple translations and do not take into consideration specific linguistic and psycholinguistic parameters of the target languages. As a first step in meeting the needs for comparable assessment tools, the Comprehensive Aphasia Test is currently being adapted into a number of languages spoken in Europe. In this article, some key challenges encountered in the adaptation process and the solutions to ensure that the resulting assessment tools are linguistically and culturally equivalent, are proposed. Specifically, we focus on challenges and solutions related to the use of imageability, frequency, word length, spelling-to-sound regularity and sentence length and complexity as underlying properties in the selection of the testing material.
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| 2. |
- Haman, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
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Noun and verb knowledge in monolingual preschool children across 17 languages : Data from Cross-linguistic Lexical Tasks (LITMUS-CLT)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. - PHILADELPHIA : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0269-9206 .- 1464-5076. ; 31:11-12, s. 818-843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates the cross-linguistic comparability of the newly developed lexical assessment tool Cross-linguistic Lexical Tasks (LITMUS-CLT). LITMUS-CLT is a part the Language Impairment Testing in Multilingual Settings (LITMUS) battery (Armon-Lotem, de Jong & Meir, 2015). Here we analyse results on receptive and expressive word knowledge tasks for nouns and verbs across 17 languages from eight different language families: Baltic (Lithuanian), Bantu (isiXhosa), Finnic (Finnish), Germanic (Afrikaans, British English, South African English, German, Luxembourgish, Norwegian, Swedish), Romance (Catalan, Italian), Semitic (Hebrew), Slavic (Polish, Serbian, Slovak) and Turkic (Turkish). The participants were 639 monolingual children aged 3;0-6;11 living in 15 different countries. Differences in vocabulary size were small between 16 of the languages; but isiXhosa-speaking children knew significantly fewer words than speakers of the other languages. There was a robust effect of word class: accuracy was higher for nouns than verbs. Furthermore, comprehension was more advanced than production. Results are discussed in the context of cross-linguistic comparisons of lexical development in monolingual and bilingual populations.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Rofes, Adrìa, et al.
(författare)
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Imageability ratings across languages
- 2018
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Ingår i: Behavior Research Methods. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1554-351X .- 1554-3528. ; 50:3, s. 1187-1197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imageability is a psycholinguistic variable that indicates how well a word gives rise to a mental image or sensory experience. Imageability ratings are used extensively in psycholinguistic, neuropsychological, and aphasiological studies. However, little formal knowledge exists about whether and how these ratings are associated between and within languages. Fifteen imageability databases were cross-correlated using nonparametric statistics. Some of these corresponded to unpublished data collected within a European research network—the Collaboration of Aphasia Trialists (COST IS1208). All but four of the correlations were significant. The average strength of the correlations (rho = .68) and the variance explained (R2 = 46%) were moderate. This implies that factors other than imageability may explain 54% of the results. Imageability ratings often correlate across languages. Different possibly interacting factors may explain the moderate strength and variance explained in the correlations: (1) linguistic and cultural factors; (2) intrinsic differences between the databases; (3) range effects; (4) small numbers of words in each database, equivalent words, and participants; and (5) mean age of the participants. The results suggest that imageability ratings may be used cross-linguistically. However, further understanding of the factors explaining the variance in the correlations will be needed before research and practical recommendations can be made.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Torkildsen, Janne von Koss, et al.
(författare)
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Brain dynamics of word familiarization in 20-month-olds: Effects of productive vocabulary size
- 2009
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 108:2, s. 73-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated the brain mechanisms involved during young children's receptive familiarization with new words, and whether the dynamics of these mechanisms are related to the child's productive vocabulary size. To this end, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from 20-month-old children in a pseudoword repetition task. Results revealed distinct patterns of repetition effects for children with large and small productive vocabularies. High producers showed evidence of recognizing the novel words already after three presentations, while the low producers needed five presentations to display a recognition effect. The familiarization process was manifested in the modulations of two components, the N200-400 and a later fronto-central component, which appeared to increase in amplitude until a certain level of encoding was reached and then decrease with further repetition. These findings suggest a relation between the onset of the productive vocabulary spurt and the rate of receptive word familiarization. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Torkildsen, Janne von Koss, et al.
(författare)
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Brain responses to lexical-semantic priming in children at risk for dyslexia.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 102:3, s. 243-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deviances in early event-related potential (ERP) components reXecting auditory and phonological processing are well-documented in children at familial risk for dyslexia. However, little is known about brain responses which index processing in other linguistic domains such as lexicon, semantics and syntax in this group. The present study investigated eVects of lexical-semantic priming in 20- and 24- month-olds at-risk for dyslexia and typically developing controls in two ERP experiments. In both experiments an early component assumed to reXect facilitated lexical processing for primed words was enhanced in the at-risk group compared to the control group. Moreover, an N400-like response which was prominent in the control group was attenuated or absent in at-risk children. Results suggest that deficiencies in young children at-risk for dyslexia are not restricted to perceptual and lower-level phonological abilities, but also affect higher order linguistic skills such as lexical and semantic processing.
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| 8. |
- Torkildsen, Janne von Koss, et al.
(författare)
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Productive Vocabulary Size Predicts Event-related Potential Correlates of Fast Mapping in 20-Month-Olds
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. - : MIT Press - Journals. - 1530-8898 .- 0898-929X. ; 20:7, s. 1266-1282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although it is well documented that children undergo a productive vocabulary spurt late in the second year, it is unclear whether this development is accompanied by equally significant advances in receptive word processing. In the present study, we tested an electrophysiological procedure for assessing receptive word learning in young children, and the impact of productive vocabulary size for performance in this task. We found that 20-month-olds with high productive vocabularies displayed an N400 incongruity effect to violations of trained associations between novel words and pictures, whereas 20-month-olds with low productive vocabularies did not. However, both high and low producers showed an N400 effect for common real words paired with an incongruous object. These findings indicate that there may be substantial differences in receptive fast mapping efficiency between typically developing children who have reached a productive vocabulary spurt and typically developing children who have not yet reached this productive spurt.
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| 9. |
- Torkildsen, Janne von Koss, et al.
(författare)
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Semantic organization of basic-level words in 20-month-olds: An ERP study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurolinguistics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0911-6044. ; 19:6, s. 431-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In ERP studies of adults, semantic incongruities elicit a, late negative response called the N400. Recently it was demonstrated that the amplitude of the N400 is sensitive to the organization of semantic categories in memory. The present study sought to investigate whether a similar incongruity response can be identified in children in their second year of life and whether this response is sensitive to category relationships at this early stage of lexical acquisition. In a picture-word mismatch paradigm with basic-level words, 20-month-olds displayed an N400-like incongruity effect. The incongruity response was earlier and larger for between-category violations than for within-category violations when each of the two violation types was compared to a control condition. This suggests that the N400 component is already sensitive to the semantic organization of the mental lexicon in toddlers, and may-serve as a useful tool in the study of phenomena in lexical development such as overextension. Some behavioral studies have suggested that toddler's overextensions of basic-level words result from oversized conceptual categories. This is at odds-with the present finding of incongruity responses even to within-category violations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- von Koss Torkildsen, Janne, et al.
(författare)
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Electrophysiological correlates of auditory semantic priming in 24-month-olds.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurolinguistics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0911-6044. ; 20:4, s. 332-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the N400 component in adults is sensitive to both semantic incongruity and semantic relatedness between stimulus items, the N400 in toddlers has only been shown as an incongruity effect so far. The present event-related potential (ERP) study aimed to investigate whether the N400 in toddlers also indexes semantic relatedness between single words. To address this issue, we developed a unimodal auditory experiment with semantically related and unrelated word pairs, comparable to behavioral semantic priming tasks used with adults. In 24-month-old children, target words which were preceded by a semantically unrelated word elicited a broadly distributed N400-like effect compared to target words which were primed by a semantically related word. For related words, toddlers displayed a negativity in the 200–400ms interval, indicating facilitated lexical-phonological processing. Results of the present study suggest that the N400 in toddlers is functionally equivalent to the adult component in indexing relatedness as well as semantic incongruity between stimulus items. Moreover, the study demonstrates an instrument for investigating semantic relatedness priming in young children, for whom behavioral tasks are often inappropriate.
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