| 1. |
- Akerstrom, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Moisturizing Creams for the Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis Relapse: A Randomized Double-blind Controlled Multicentre Clinical Trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2057 .- 0001-5555. ; 95:5, s. 587-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects adults and children and has a negative impact on quality of life. The present multicentre randomized double-blind controlled trial showed a barrier-improving cream (5% urea) to be superior to a reference cream in preventing eczema relapse in patients with AD (hazard ratio 0.634, p = 0.011). The risk of eczema relapse was reduced by 37% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 10-55%). Median time to relapse in the test cream group and in the reference cream group was 22 days and 15 days, respectively (p = 0.013). At 6 months 26% of the patients in the test cream group were still eczema free, compared with 10% in the reference cream group. Thus, the barrier-improving cream significantly prolonged the eczema-free time compared with the reference cream and decreased the risk of eczema relapse. The test cream was well tolerated in patients with AD.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Mats, 1970-
(författare)
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Preparation and characterisation of refractory whiskers and selected alumina composites
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A whisker is a common name of single crystalline inorganic fibre of small dimensions, typically 0.5-1 μm in diameter and 20-50 μm in length. Whiskers are mainly used as reinforcement of ceramics. This work describes the synthesis and characterisation of new whisker types. Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x, TiB2, B4C, and LaxCe1-xB6 have been prepared by carbothermal vapour–liquid–solid (CTR-VLS) growth mechanisms in the temperature range 900-1800°C, in argon or nitrogen. Generally, carbon and different suitable oxides were used as whisker precursors. The oxides reacted via a carbothermal reduction process. A halogenide salt was added to form gaseous metal halogenides or oxohalogenides and small amount of a transition metal was added to catalyse the whisker growth. In this mechanism, the whisker constituents are dissolved into the catalyst, in liquid phase, which becomes supersaturated. Then a whisker could nucleate and grow out under continuous feed of constituents. The syntheses of TiC, TiB2, and B4C were followed at ordinary synthesis conditions by means of mass spectrometry (MS), thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and quenching. The main reaction starting temperatures and reaction time for the different mixtures was revealed, and it was found that the temperature inside the crucible during the reactions was up to 100°C below the furnace set-point, due to endothermic nature of the reactions. Quench experiments showed that whiskers were formed already when reaching the temperature plateau, but the yield increased fast with the holding time and reached a maximum after about 20-30 minutes. Growth models for whisker formation have been proposed.Alumina based composites reinforced by (2-5 vol.%) TiCnano and TiNnano and 25 vol.% of carbide, and boride phases (whiskers and particulates of TiC, TiN, TaC, NbC, (Ti,Ta)C, (Ti,Ta,Nb)C, SiC, TiB2 and B4C) have been prepared by a developed aqueous colloidal processing route followed by hot pressing for 90 min at 1700°C, 28 MPa or SPS sintering for 5 minutes at 1200-1600°C and 75 MPa. Vickers indentation measurements showed that the lowest possible sintering temperature is to prefer from mechanical properties point of view. In the TiNnano composites the fracture mode was typically intergranular, while it was transgranular in the SiCnano composites. The whisker and particulate composites have been compared in terms of e.g. microstructure and mechanical properties. Generally, additions of whiskers yielded higher fracture toughness compared to particulates. Composites of commercially available SiC whiskers showed best mechanical properties with a low spread but all the other whisker phases, especially TiB2, exhibited a great potential as reinforcement materials.
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| 3. |
- Björnetun Haugen, Astri, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of crystallographic orientation in textured Ba0.92Ca0.08TiO3 piezoelectric ceramics
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 116:13, s. 134102-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strongly textured lead-free Ba0.92Ca0.08TiO3 piezoelectric ceramics were fabricated by tape casting and templated grain growth. Dense ceramics with both favorable < 100 > and unfavorable < 111 > texture were successfully prepared. Enhanced piezoelectric performance was demonstrated for ceramics with < 100 > texture, in line with the predictions based on reported piezoelectric coefficients of tetragonal BaTiO3. Due to the expanded tetragonal range through Ca-substitution, < 100 > texture is favorable over a wide temperature range. The < 100 > texture also results in the enhanced piezoelectric performance being temperature-independent. In addition to engineering of stable, high-performance lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, this study has demonstrated that consideration of the extender/rotator nature of piezoelectric properties is imperative for improving the piezoelectric response through texturing.
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| 4. |
- Coelho, Vera, et al.
(författare)
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Preschool practices in Sweden, Portugal, and the United States
- 2021
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Ingår i: Early Childhood Research Quarterly. - : Elsevier BV. - 0885-2006 .- 1873-7706. ; 55, s. 79-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Across countries, there are important differences related to the goals, organization, and educational philosophies of care provided to young children prior to formal schooling. Those differences are likely reflected in the classroom practices and teacher-child interactions within a country's early childhood education and care (ECEC) classrooms. This study aims to evaluate the within-country relevance of two classroom observation measures primarily based on a behavioral count approach focused on teacher and child behaviors; and to examine preschool practices in Sweden, Portugal, and the U.S., as they reflect each country's ECEC goals, organization, and educational philosophies. Participants are 78 preschool settings in Sweden, 42 in Portugal, and 168 in the U.S. Results show that the measures targeted culturally-relevant behaviors and provided inter-rater reliability for the behavior count variables in the three countries. Future collaborations may address additional culturally-specific variables. The behavioral descriptions yielded by combining behavioral counts of the measures are analyzed by researchers from the relevant country for insights to the country's values related to early childhood as well as current debates regarding care for children. Measures that provide comprehensive descriptions of classroom settings and apply minimal external or comparative value judgments on the behaviors observed are of practical utility for collaborative international work.
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| 5. |
- Dahl, P., et al.
(författare)
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Densification and properties of zirconia prepared by three different sintering techniques
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 33:8, s. 1603-1610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Densification of nanocrystalline yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder with 8 mol% Y2O3, prepared by a glycine/nitrate smoldering combustion method, was investigated by spark plasma sintering, hot pressing and conventional sintering. The spark plasma sintering technique was shown to be superior to the other methods giving dense materials (>= 96%) with uniform morphology at lower temperatures and shorter sintering time. The grain size of the materials was 0.21, 0.37 and 12 mu m after spark plasma sintering, hot pressing and conventional sintering, respectively. Total electrical conductivity of the materials showed no clear correlation with the grain size, but the activation energy for spark plasma sintered materials was slightly higher than for materials prepared by the two other densification methods. The hardness, measured by the Vickers indentation method, was found to be independent on grain size while fracture toughness, derived by the indentation method, was slightly decreasing with increasing grain size.
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| 6. |
- Divakar, Pradeep K., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of complex symbiotic relationships in a morphologically derived family of lichen-forming fungi
- 2015
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 208:4, s. 1217-1226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the evolutionary history of the Parmeliaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), one of the largest families of lichen-forming fungi with complex and variable morphologies, also including several lichenicolous fungi. We assembled a six-locus data set including nuclear, mitochondrial and low-copy protein-coding genes from 293 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The lichenicolous lifestyle originated independently three times in lichenized ancestors within Parmeliaceae, and a new generic name is introduced for one of these fungi. In all cases, the independent origins occurred c. 24 million yr ago. Further, we show that the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene were key periods when diversification of major lineages within Parmeliaceae occurred, with subsequent radiations occurring primarily during the Oligocene and Miocene. Our phylogenetic hypothesis supports the independent origin of lichenicolous fungi associated with climatic shifts at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Moreover, diversification bursts at different times may be crucial factors driving the diversification of Parmeliaceae. Additionally, our study provides novel insight into evolutionary relationships in this large and diverse family of lichen-forming ascomycetes.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Grande, Virginia, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of teachers in computing as role models : a phenomenographic study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proc. 17th International Conference on Computing Education Research. - New York : ACM Press. - 9781450353014 ; , s. 133-137
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature on role models lacks a focus on understanding teachers' role modelling from the teachers' own perspective. Our tentative research question is "How do teachers in computing experience being role models for their students?". We use a phenomenographic approach to describe the teachers' experiences of role modelling and their own understanding of the term. Different understandings of role model are shown in a structure of categories, focusing on subject domain, perception of the model by others, and influence from and impact on the context.
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| 9. |
- Grande, Virginia, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Making Visible and Modeling the Underrepresented : Teachers' Reflections on Their Role Modeling in Higher Education
- 2022
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Ingår i: ITiCSE '22. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. ; , s. 566-567
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work contributes to a better understanding of computing teachers' perceptions of themselves as role models. Role models are described as important to address under-representation, yet there is little in-depth research on how role modeling works and what university teachers in computing can model to broaden participation in the discipline. We will analyze teachers' reflections on how they may, or want to, be perceived by their students, particularly in terms of professional competencies, emotions and attitudes towards well-being. We will use and further develop an already existing framework on role modeling in computing, and we will relate our findings to existing research on computing and science identities. Modeling aspects outside the computing norm can help provide students with a wider notion of what it means to be a computer scientist. Besides developing the theoretical understanding of computing teachers as role models , our work can support various ways of developing computing teachers' competences and departments' teaching culture. The results are one way to contribute to student diversity and equitable access, and more broadly increase the relevance of computing education for sustainability.
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| 10. |
- Grande, Virginia, et al.
(författare)
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"Participating under the influence" : How role models affect the computing discipline, profession, and student population
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proc. 48th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Press. - 9781538611746
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This full paper in the research track presents how individuals in computing education may have role models that represent different ways of engaging in the discipline and/ or profession as a student or a professional. The study is based on two rounds of interview-based data collection at a department of computing: a longitudinal study of undergraduate students' view of the discipline, and an examination of their teachers' experiences as role models in computing education. Our results challenge traditional views of role models as those who set the norms, presenting instead role models as potentially capable of change, at different scales (including none), depending on their level of power. These role models are students, academics, and other professionals. We show that the potential of role models must be understood with respect to how engagement in computing is constructed in social interaction. Actions are suggested for relevant stakeholders to reflect on which role models are receiving more or less exposure than they should and how through these role models participation in computing can be broadened in terms of not only diverse backgrounds but also ways of engaging in computing.
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