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Sökning: WFRF:(Grandin Ulf)

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1.
  • Auffret, Alistair G., et al. (författare)
  • More warm-adapted species in soil seed banks than in herb layer plant communities across Europe
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 111:5, s. 1009-1020
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Responses to climate change have often been found to lag behind the rate of warming that has occurred. In addition to dispersal limitation potentially restricting spread at leading range margins, the persistence of species in new and unsuitable conditions is thought to be responsible for apparent time-lags. Soil seed banks can allow plant communities to temporarily buffer unsuitable environmental conditions, but their potential to slow responses to long-term climate change is largely unknown. As local forest cover can also buffer the effects of a warming climate, it is important to understand how seed banks might interact with land cover to mediate community responses to climate change. We first related species-level seed bank persistence and distribution-derived climatic niches for 840 plant species. We then used a database of plant community data from grasslands, forests and intermediate successional habitats from across Europe to investigate relationships between seed banks and their corresponding herb layers in 2763 plots in the context of climate and land cover. We found that species from warmer climates and with broader distributions are more likely to have a higher seed bank persistence, resulting in seed banks that are composed of species with warmer and broader climatic distributions than their corresponding herb layers. This was consistent across our climatic extent, with larger differences (seed banks from even warmer climates relative to vegetation) found in grasslands. Synthesis. Seed banks have been shown to buffer plant communities through periods of environmental variability, and in a period of climate change might be expected to contain species reflecting past, cooler conditions. Here, we show that persistent seed banks often contain species with relatively warm climatic niches and those with wide climatic ranges. Although these patterns may not be primarily driven by species’ climatic adaptations, the prominence of such species in seed banks might still facilitate climate-driven community shifts. Additionally, seed banks may be related to ongoing trends regarding the spread of widespread generalist species into natural habitats, while cool-associated species may be at risk from both short- and long-term climatic variability and change. 
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2.
  • Bergander, Katrina, et al. (författare)
  • Interim report on biodiversity issues
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: 20th Annual Report 2011 : Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution : International Cooperative Programme on Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems. - 9789521139086 ; :2011:18, s. 22-32
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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  • Blicharska, Malgorzata, et al. (författare)
  • Why protect biodiversity? Perspectives of conservation professionals in Poland
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 11, s. 349-362
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There are numerous strategies to reverse biodiversity decline, ranging from economic, through ecological, to ethical ones. Which arguments are used in the conservation may have bearing on the actual implementation of biodiversity policies. To understand conservation professionals' perceptions of biodiversity is particularly important in the countries in transition, where the new environmental policies are being implemented, the approaches to governance are changing and new biodiversity discourses are emerging. This study investigates what the biodiversity conservation professionals in Poland believe the rationale behind conservation is. We reveal two main perspectives - one focused on intrinsic value of biodiversity and one underlining its utilitarian value. Even if the intrinsic value perspective prevails, the economic framing of biodiversity value is emerging. This framing is important in the face of the ongoing changes in Poland with focus on economic development and relatively little attention paid to biodiversity. The utilitarian approach to conservation, reinforced by the concept of ecosystem services, can be used to supplement the emerging biodiversity discourse strengthening the conservation case. The richness of perspectives among the conservation professionals can facilitate deliberate construction of the new conservation discourse in Poland combining the notion of intrinsic value of nature with the utilitarian approach.
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  • Burdon, Francis, et al. (författare)
  • Assessing the Benefits of Forested Riparian Zones: A Qualitative Index of Riparian Integrity Is Positively Associated with Ecological Status in European Streams
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Developing a general, predictive understanding of ecological systems requires knowing how much structural and functional relationships can cross scales and contexts. Here, we introduce the CROSSLINK project that investigates the role of forested riparian buffers in modified European landscapes by measuring a wide range of ecosystem attributes in stream-riparian networks. CROSSLINK involves replicated field measurements in four case-study basins with varying levels of human development: Norway (Oslo Fjord), Sweden (Lake Malaren), Belgium (Zwalm River), and Romania (Arge River). Nested within these case-study basins include multiple, independent stream-site pairs with a forested riparian buffer and unbuffered section located upstream, as well as headwater and downstream sites to show cumulative land-use impacts. CROSSLINK applies existing and bespoke methods to describe habitat conditions, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Here, we summarize the approaches used, detail protocols in supplementary materials, and explain how data is applied in an optimization framework to better manage tradeoffs in multifunctional landscapes. We then present results demonstrating the range of riparian conditions present in our case-study basins and how these environmental states influence stream ecological integrity with the commonly used macroinvertebrate Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) index. We demonstrate that a qualitative index of riparian integrity can be positively associated with stream ecological status. This introduction to the CROSSLINK project shows the potential for our replicated study with its panoply of ecosystem attributes to help guide management decisions regarding the use of forested riparian buffers in human-impacted landscapes. This knowledge is highly relevant in a time of rapid environmental change where freshwater biodiversity is increasingly under pressure from a range of human impacts that include habitat loss, pollution, and climate change.
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  • Futter, Martyn, et al. (författare)
  • Currently legislated decreases in nitrogen deposition will yield only limited plant species recovery in European forests
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Atmospheric nitrogen (N) pollution is considered responsible for a substantial decline in plant species richness and for altered community structures in terrestrial habitats worldwide. Nitrogen affects habitats through direct toxicity, soil acidification, and in particular by favoring fast-growing species. Pressure from N pollution is decreasing in some areas. In Europe (EU28), overall emissions ofNO(x) declined by more than 50% while NH3 declined by less than 30% between the years 1990 and 2015, and further decreases may be achieved. The timescale over which these improvements will affect ecosystems is uncertain. Here we use 23 European forest research sites with high quality long-term data on deposition, climate, soil recovery, and understory vegetation to assess benefits of currently legislated N deposition reductions in forest understory vegetation. A dynamic soil model coupled to a statistical plant species niche model was applied with site-based climate and deposition. We use indicators of N deposition and climate warming effects such as the change in the occurrence of oligophilic, acidophilic, and cold-tolerant plant species to compare the present with projections for 2030 and 2050. The decrease in N deposition under current legislation emission (CLE) reduction targets until 2030 is not expected to result in a release from eutrophication. Albeit the model predictions show considerable uncertainty when compared with observations, they indicate that oligophilic forest understory plant species will further decrease. This result is partially due to confounding processes related to climate effects and to major decreases in sulphur deposition and consequent recovery from soil acidification, but shows that decreases in N deposition under CLE will most likely be insufficient to allow recovery from eutrophication.
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10.
  • Glimskär, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Resultat från regional miljöövervakning av småbiotoper, gräsmarker och myrar 2009–2014
  • 2016
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • ”Regional miljöövervakning i landskapsrutor” karterar och följer upp småbiotoper, gräsmarker och våtmarker inom tre så kallade gemensamma delprogram:Småbiotoper i åkerlandskapetGräsmarkernas gröna infrastrukturVegetation och ingrepp i våtmarkerI den här rapporten presenterar vi ett urval av resultat från det första inventeringsvarvet 2009-2014. Totalt har nio län i södra Sverige ingått i området som inventerats. Inför SLU:s arbete med analyserna har representanter från länsstyrelserna i samarbete med SLU, prioriterat vilka resultat för småbiotoper, gräsmarker och myrar som är mest angelägna att lyfta fram. SLU gjorde också en bedömning av vilka av länsstyrelsernas önskemål om analyser som var möjliga att tillgodose inom ramen för detta projekt. Huvuddelen av de resultat som presenteras i denna rapport baseras på data insamlade i fält. Underlaget för att styra fältinventeringen har varit polygonskikt framtagna genom flygbildstolkning i infraröda flygbilder.
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