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- Abbatt, J. P. D., et al.
(författare)
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Halogen activation via interactions with environmental ice and snow in the polar lower troposphere and other regions
- 2012
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 12:14, s. 6237-6271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of ice in the formation of chemically active halogens in the environment requires a full understanding because of its role in atmospheric chemistry, including controlling the regional atmospheric oxidizing capacity in specific situations. In particular, ice and snow are important for facilitating multiphase oxidative chemistry and as media upon which marine algae live. This paper reviews the nature of environmental ice substrates that participate in halogen chemistry, describes the reactions that occur on such substrates, presents the field evidence for ice-mediated halogen activation, summarizes our best understanding of ice-halogen activation mechanisms, and describes the current state of modeling these processes at different scales. Given the rapid pace of developments in the field, this paper largely addresses advances made in the past five years, with emphasis given to the polar boundary layer. The integrative nature of this field is highlighted in the presentation of work from the molecular to the regional scale, with a focus on understanding fundamental processes. This is essential for developing realistic parameterizations and descriptions of these processes for inclusion in larger scale models that are used to determine their regional and global impacts.
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- Endler, M., et al.
(författare)
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The inherited risk of retained placenta : a population based cohort study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 125:6, s. 737-744
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate whether retained placenta in the first generation is associated with an increased risk of retained placenta in the second generation.Design: Population‐based cohort study.Setting: Sweden.Population: Using linked generational data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register 1973–2012, we identified 494 000 second‐generation births with information on the birth of the mother (first‐generation index birth). For 292 897 of these births there was information also on the birth of the father.Methods: Risk of retained placenta in the second generation was calculated as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) by unconditional logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) according to whether retained placenta occurred in a first generation birth or not.Main outcome: Retained placenta in the second generation.Results: The risk of retained placenta in a second‐generation birth was increased if retained placenta had occurred at the mother's own birth (aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.52–1.82), at the birth of one of her siblings (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.43–1.76) or both (aOR 2.75, 95% CI 2.18–3.46). The risk was slightly increased if retained placenta had occurred at the birth of the father (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.41). For preterm births in both generations, the risk of retained placenta in the second generation was increased six‐fold if retained placenta had occurred at the mother's birth (OR 6.55, 95% CI 2.68–16.02).Conclusion: There is an intergenerational recurrence of retained placenta on the maternal and most likely also on the paternal side. The recurrence risk seems strongest in preterm pregnancies.Tweetable abstract: A population‐based cohort study suggests that there is an intergenerational recurrence of retained placenta.
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- Granfors, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Organic iodine in Antarctic sea ice: a comparison between winter in the Weddell Sea and summer in the Amundsen Sea
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 119:12, s. 2276-2291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have recognized sea ice as a source of reactive iodine to the Antarctic boundary layer. Volatile iodinated compounds (iodocarbons) are released from sea ice, and they have been suggested to contribute to the formation of iodine oxide (IO), which takes part in tropospheric ozone destruction in the polar spring. We measured iodocarbons (CH3I, CH2ClI, CH2BrI and CH2I2) in sea ice, snow, brine and air during two expeditions to Antarctica, OSO 10/11 to the Amundsen Sea during austral summer, and ANT XXIX/6 to the Weddell Sea in austral winter. These are the first reported measurements of iodocarbons from the Antarctic winter. Iodocarbons were enriched in sea ice in relation to seawater in both summer and winter. During summer the positive relationship to Chl a biomass indicated a biological origin. We suggest that CH3I is formed biotically in sea ice during both summer and winter. For CH2ClI, CH2BrI and CH2I2 an additional abiotic source at the snow-ice interface in winter is suggested . Elevated air concentrations of CH3I and CH2ClI during winter indicate that they are enriched in lower troposphere and may take part in formation of IO at polar sunrise.
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- Granfors, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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Iodine deficiency in a study population of pregnant women in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 94:11, s. 1168-1174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionIodine deficiency in utero may impair neurological development of the fetus. In Sweden, iodine nutrition is considered to be adequate in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate iodine nutrition during pregnancy in Sweden. Material and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, the total study population (n=459) consisted of two cohorts (Varmland County, n=273, and Uppsala County, n=186) of pregnant non-smoking women without pre-gestational diabetes mellitus or known thyroid disease before or during pregnancy. Spot urine samples were collected in the third trimester of pregnancy for median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) analysis. ResultsThe median UIC in the total study population was 98g/L (interquartile range 57-148g/L). ConclusionsAccording to WHO/UNICEF/IGN criteria, population-based median UIC during pregnancy should be 150-249g/L. Thus, our results indicate insufficient iodine status in the pregnant population of Sweden. There is an urgent need for further assessments in order to optimize iodine nutrition during pregnancy.
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