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- Granic, Antoneta, et al.
(författare)
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Midlife dietary patterns and mortality in the population-based study of Swedish twins
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 67:7, s. 578-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background We examined midlife dietary patterns in relation to (1) sociodemographic and health-related characteristics and (2) survival.Methods A two-step cluster analysis of a 12-item food questionnaire was used to derive dietary patterns in a cohort of 16 649 members of the Swedish Twin Registry, a prospective, population-based study of twins. The average age at baseline (1967) was 55.5 years; the follow-up for all-cause mortality extended until 2011 (26.8±12.35 years or 345 127 person-years) via death records.Results Four dietary patterns (classes) distinguishable by demographic and health characteristics emerged: Moderate Intake and Starch Diet (Class 1), Moderate Intake Diet with Low Flour-Based Foods (Class 2), Meat and Starch Diet (Class 3) and Low Meat Intake Diet (Class 4). Membership in Class 3 was associated with 7% increased risk of mortality compared with Class 2 independent of baseline age, cohort, sex and body mass index. These results were mostly explained by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. When follow-up was restricted to those in the study for 20+ years, both Classes 1 and 3 conferred increased risk of mortality compared with Class 2, independent of covariates. Analyses conducted within twin pairs revealed similar results.Conclusions Midlife diet over-represented by meat and starch-based foods may increase the risk of mortality, whereas the diet low in starch may be beneficial. These results appear to be independent of factors shared by twins, as well as at least partially a function of social and lifestyle factors, particularly marital status and smoking.
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| 2. |
- Papaioannou, Konstantinos-Georgios, 1983-
(författare)
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Diet and physical activity behaviors for healthy aging
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The process of aging is characterized by physiological changes in various body systems and biological functions, that affect health and functional capacity. Adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors could be an effective, accessible, and lowcost strategy to delay age-related functional changes. Dietary habits, including both patterns and amounts of specific food items, and physical activity (PA)are two lifestyle factors that may have an impact on several age-related health aspects. The overall aim of this thesis was to determine the links between diet, physical activity behaviors, and biological markers of healthy aging, including muscle health, metabolic health, and systemic inflammation in older adults.The findings of the present work collectively highlight the role of diet and physical activity behaviors on biological markers of healthy aging in older adults. Daily amounts of sedentary time were detrimentally associated with the systemic inflammatory environment, with sex-specific alterations in proand anti-inflammatory biomarkers. In term of dietary habits, higher intakes of vegetables were associated with lower levels of the pro-inflammatory biomarker IL-6 in older adults, regardless of intakes of other health-related food groups, physical activity behaviors, and adiposity level. Moreover, lower intakes of fruit and vegetables (FV) in general, and of vegetables in particular, increased the likelihood of having metabolic syndrome (MetS) in older adults, which was evident even after considering time spent in sedentary behavior and adherence to the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guideline. Finally, healthy eating was beneficially associated with lower sarcopenia risk in physically active older men and women, even when engagement in musclestrengthening activities and adherence to guidelines for protein intake were considered. Overall, the present thesis demonstrates the detrimental impact of excessive amounts of sedentary time on markers of systemic inflammation and highlights the beneficial effects of healthy eating on biological determinants of healthy aging regardless of the potential confounding effects of physical activity behaviors.
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| 3. |
- Shannon, Oliver M., et al.
(författare)
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Mediterranean diet adherence and cognitive function in older UK adults : the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : HighWire Press. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 110:4, s. 938-948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In Mediterranean countries, adherence to a traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) is associated with better cognitive function and reduced dementia risk. It is unclear if similar benefits exist in non-Mediterranean regions.OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to examine associations between MedDiet adherence and cognitive function in an older UK population and to investigate whether associations differed between individuals with high compared with low cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.METHODS: We conducted an analysis in 8009 older individuals with dietary data at Health Check 1 (1993-1997) and cognitive function data at Health Check 3 (2006-2011) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk). Associations were explored between MedDiet adherence and global and domain-specific cognitive test scores and risk of poor cognitive performance in the entire cohort, and when stratified according to CVD risk status.RESULTS: Higher MedDiet adherence defined by the Pyramid MedDiet score was associated with better global cognition (β ± SE = -0.012 ± 0.002; P < 0.001), verbal episodic memory (β ± SE = -0.009 ± 0.002; P < 0.001), and simple processing speed (β ± SE = -0.002 ± 0.001; P = 0.013). Lower risk of poor verbal episodic memory (OR: 0.784; 95% CI: 0.641, 0.959; P = 0.018), complex processing speed (OR: 0.739; 95% CI: 0.601, 0.907; P = 0.004), and prospective memory (OR: 0.841; 95% CI: 0.724, 0.977; P = 0.023) was also observed for the highest compared with the lowest Pyramid MedDiet tertiles. The effect of a 1-point increase in Pyramid score on global cognitive function was equivalent to 1.7 fewer years of cognitive aging. MedDiet adherence defined by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) score (mapped through the use of both binary and continuous scoring) showed similar, albeit less consistent, associations. In stratified analyses, associations were evident in individuals at higher CVD risk only (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Higher adherence to the MedDiet is associated with better cognitive function and lower risk of poor cognition in older UK adults. This evidence underpins the development of interventions to enhance MedDiet adherence, particularly in individuals at higher CVD risk, aiming to reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline in non-Mediterranean populations.
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