| 1. |
- Carlberg, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Achievement and participation in schools for young adolescents with self-reported neuropsychiatric disabilities : A cross-sectional study from the Southern part of Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 47:2, s. 199-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Schools are expected to be an environment where children can reach their fullest potential and develop their talents, personality, as well as their mental and physical abilities. Children with disabilities often have restricted participation and lower achievement in school. The aim is to investigate if there are any differences in participation and achievement in school between adolescents, with and without self-reported neuropsychiatric disabilities, and to explore the relations between achievement and participation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out based on data collected from 1520 adolescents in the sixth and seventh grade, from the south of Sweden. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to explore the relationship between having a neuropsychiatric disability, with participation and achievement, and how different factors affected this relationship. Results: Having a self-reported neuropsychiatric disability increases the likelihood of having restricted participation (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.99–4.23) and lower achievement in school (AOR: 2.94; 95% CI: 2.06–4.24). These adolescents were also more likely to have negative relationships to their teachers, be bullied, have poorer connectedness to their parents, come from families with less money, be trying drugs and be male, in comparison to the adolescents without a neuropsychiatric disability. The odds of having lower achievement increased with lower engagement and absenteeism from class. Conclusions: Adolescents with self-reported neuropsychiatric disabilities have a disadvantaged situation in school, and are exposed to factors that could have long-term negative effects. More longitudinal research is required to conclude what factors are causing restricted participation and low achievement.
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| 2. |
- Danielsson, Louise, 1949-
(författare)
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Det teckenspråkiga klassrummet : en arena för möte mellan elever och lärare
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate the interaction in sign language in a classroom in the special school for deaf and hard of hearing pupils. Three questions are of particular interest: What characterizes interaction in educational situations where the whole class is present compared to half the class and when the pupils in small groups are solving problems given by the teacher? How are a hearing and a deaf teacher interacting in the classroom? And How are boys and girls interacting in different educational situations?Theoretically the study is based on an educational interaction model. Of particular interest in this model are restrictive and permissive aspects of teaching and factors stimulating pupil participation. Symbolic interactionism has been used in the interpretation of face-to-face interaction in sign language.Video recordings of classroom interaction in natural sciences were documented in a class in the special school comprising 17 pupils and three teachers. A total of seven lessons were recorded consisting of whole class teaching, half class teaching and problem solving in small groups. Of the pupils ten were girls and seven were boys and of the teachers one was hearing and one was deaf. The third teacher was only temporarily in the class and was not included in the analysis. The recorded material was transcribed and analyzed in six steps.The results show that the teachers are most restrictive in whole class teaching while there is more participation from the pupils in half class teaching. In the small group problem solving the teachers seem to be more interested in the group process than in getting an answer to the problem. This gives a lot of room for individual actions and interaction of a relational kind rather than educational. There tend to be some visible differences between the hearing and the deaf teacher. The former uses a more individual approach towards the pupils, I-Gaze, which leaves room for the pupils to be engaged in other activities. The deaf teacher on the other hand keeps all the pupils engaged by using a group approach, G-Gaze. Other differences are the use of literacy tools where the deaf teacher situates the material and keeps the attention of the pupils by telling a narrative. Concerning differences between boys and girls it is evident that the boys are more dominant in whole class and half class interactions while the girls tend to take over the teacher role in small group interaction. These results are discussed in relation to theoretical background and research on classroom interaction in the compulsory school and in schools for deaf pupils.
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| 3. |
- Granlund, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Altered microvasculature in pancreatic islets from subjects with type 1 diabetes
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The transcriptome of different dissociated pancreatic islet cells has been described in enzymatically isolated islets in both health and disease. However, the isolation, culturing, and dissociation procedures likely affect the transcriptome profiles, distorting the biological conclusions. The aim of the current study was to characterize the cells of the islets of Langerhans from subjects with and without type 1 diabetes in a way that reflects the in vivo situation to the highest possible extent.Methods: Islets were excised using laser capture microdissection directly from frozen pancreatic tissue sections obtained from organ donors with (n = 7) and without (n = 8) type 1 diabetes. Transcriptome analysis of excised samples was performed using AmpliSeq. Consecutive pancreatic sections were used to estimate the proportion of beta-, alpha-, and delta cells using immunofluorescence and to examine the presence of CD31 positive endothelial regions using immunohistochemistry.Results: The proportion of beta cells in islets from subjects with type 1 diabetes was reduced to 0% according to both the histological and transcriptome data, and several alterations in the transcriptome were derived from the loss of beta cells. In total, 473 differentially expressed genes were found in the islets from subjects with type 1 diabetes. Functional enrichment analysis showed that several of the most upregulated gene sets were related to vasculature and angiogenesis, and histologically, vascular density was increased in subjects with type 1 diabetes. Downregulated in type 1 diabetes islets was the gene set epithelial mesenchymal transition.Conclusion: A number of transcriptional alterations are present in islets from subjects with type 1 diabetes. In particular, several gene sets related to vasculature and angiogenesis are upregulated and there is an increased vascular density, suggesting an altered microvasculature in islets from subjects with type 1 diabetes. By studying pancreatic islets extracted directly from snap-frozen pancreatic tissue, this study reflects the in vivo situation to a high degree and gives important insights into islet pathophysiology in type 1 diabetes.
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| 4. |
- Granlund, Louise, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Extra-islet cells expressing insulin or glucagon in the pancreas of young organ donors
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Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: The existence of insulin- or glucagon-expressing extra-islet endocrine cells scattered in the pancreas is well-known, but they have been sparsely characterized. The aim of this study was to examine their density, distribution, transcription-factor expression, and mitotic activity in young non-diabetic subjects.Methods: Multispectral imaging was used to examine PDX1, ARX, Ki67, insulin and glucagon in extra-islet endocrine cells in pancreatic tissue from organ donors aged 1-25 years.Results: Extra-islet insulin- or glucagon-positive cells were frequent in all donors (median 17.3 and 22.9 cells/mm2 respectively), with an insulin:glucagon cell ratio of 0.9. The density was similar regardless of age. PDX1 localized mainly to insulin-, and ARX mainly to glucagon-positive cells but, interestingly, many of the cells were negative for both transcription factors. Double-hormone-positive cells were rare but found in all age groups, as were insulin-positive cells expressing ARX and glucagon-positive cells expressing PDX1. Extra-islet endocrine cells with Ki67 expression were present but rare in all age groups (0-2%).Conclusions: Extra-islet endocrine cells are more frequent than islets. The preserved density during pancreas expansion from childhood- to adulthood indicates that new cells are formed, likely from replication, as cells with mitotic activity were discovered. The lack of transcription-factor expression in many cells could indicate that they are immature, newly formed or plastic. This, together with the mitotic activity, suggest that these cells play an important role in the expansion of beta-cell mass in situations of increasing demand, or in the turnover of the endocrine cell population.
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| 5. |
- Granlund, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Histological and transcriptional characterization of the pancreatic acinar tissue in type 1 diabetes
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care. - : BMJ. - 2052-4897. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Despite a reduced function and volume of the exocrine pancreas in type 1 diabetes, the acinar cells remain understudied in type 1 diabetes research. The hypothesis of this study is that the acinar tissue is altered in subjects with type 1 diabetes compared with subjects without diabetes. Research design and methods The cell density, expression of digestive enzymes, and transcriptome of acinar tissue at varying distances from islets were analyzed using histology, immunostaining, and AmpliSeq RNA sequencing of laser capture microdissected tissue. Pancreases examined were from organ donors with or without type 1 diabetes. Results We demonstrate preserved acinar nuclei density and find no support of acinar atrophy in type 1 diabetes. Staining for digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, and trypsin) demonstrated an evenly distributed expression in the exocrine parenchyma; although occasional amylase-negative regions appeared in tissue that had been formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded, this phenomenon was not evident in frozen tissue. Gene set enrichment analysis of whole transcriptome data identified transcriptional alterations in type 1 diabetes that were present in the acinar tissue independent of the distance from islets. Among these, the two most enriched gene sets were Myc Targets V2 and Estrogen Response Early. Conclusion Taken together, these new data emphasize the involvement of the entire pancreas in type 1 diabetes pathology. The alteration of the gene sets Myc Targets V2 and Estrogen Response Early is a possible link to the increased incidence of pancreatic cancer in type 1 diabetes. © 2021 Authors.
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| 6. |
- Granlund, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Loss of insulin-expressing extra-islet cells in type 1 diabetes is accompanied with increased number of glucagon-expressing extra-islet cells
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: The presence of a limited number of insulin-positive cells remaining in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is well-known. These cells are part of islets or appear as extra-islet insulin-positive cells scattered in the exocrine parenchyma. Pancreatic endocrine cells not located within islets are poorly described and the presence of scattered endocrine cells expressing other islet hormones than insulin has not been explored and quantified. The aim of this study was to compare the extra-islet insulin- or glucagon-positive cells with regard to their density, transcription-factor expression, and mitotic activity in subjects with or without T1D.Methods: Multispectral imaging was used to examine extra-islet cells by staining for insulin, glucagon, ARX, PDX1 and Ki67. This was done in well-preserved pancreatic tissue obtained from heart-beating organ donors with or without T1D.Results: Decreased density of insulin-positive (median 0.44 cells/mm2 and 20 cells/mm2 in donors with and without type T1D respectively, p=<0.0001) and increased density of glucagon-positive (median 51 cells/mm2 and 14 cells/mm2 in donors with and without T1D respectively, p=0.008) extra-islet cells were observed in donors with T1D. The combined density of extra-islet cells expressing either insulin or glucagon was similar in donors with or without T1D. Proliferating endocrine cells were present both in donors with, and in donors without T1D, as demonstrated by Ki67-positive staining (0-3% of the cells expressing insulin or glucagon). Regardless of disease status, many of the extra-islet insulin-positive cells lacked PDX1-expression and many of the glucagon-positive cells lacked ARX-expression.Conclusions: We report a decrease in extra-islet insulin-positive cells and an increase in extra-islet glucagon-positive cells in T1D. The increase of glucagon-positive cells could be a compensatory effect in response to impaired alpha-cell function, or a sign of beta- to alpha-cell conversion. The latter notion is an intriguing mechanism, possibly contributing to the loss of beta cells in T1D.
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| 7. |
- Granlund, Louise
(författare)
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Studies of the human pancreas to understand the pathologic events leading to type 1 diabetes
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is classically described as a disease emanating from beta-cell loss, and as such, the beta cells have been the main target of investigation. However, recent years have witnessed a shift in perspective, with T1D being increasingly recognized as a condition that affects the entire pancreas. This shift in focus emphasizes the importance of investigating not only the islets but also the exocrine pancreas and endocrine cells beyond the islet perimeters. In this thesis, pancreases from individuals with and without T1D have been investigated with regard to the exocrine tissue, islets, and other endocrine cells in an endeavour to shed light on the aetiology of the disease.In Paper I, the exocrine part of the pancreas was investigated in donors with and without longstanding T1D. While no histological evidence of acinar atrophy in T1D was found, transcriptional alterations were identified. The absence of atrophy supports the idea of a reduced number of acinar cells as an explanation of the reduced pancreas volume, and the transcriptome analysis demonstrated the impact on the exocrine pancreas in T1D. In Paper II, islets from control and T1D subjects were examined. Islets from T1D subjects showed upregulation of transcriptional pathways related to vasculature and angiogenesis, along with increased vascular density. As endothelial cells are important for proper beta-cell function, the changes in vasculature might be a reaction to the loss of beta-cells. Paper III aimed to characterize extra-islet endocrine cells in healthy donors aged 1-25. Similar frequencies of these cells were observed in all age groups, indicating that new cells are continually formed as the pancreas grows, in part likely through replication as mitotic cells were found. Notably, many of the insulin- and glucagon-positive extra-islet cells lacked the expression of their corresponding transcription factors, PDX1 and ARX, suggesting they may be newly formed or plastic. The focus of Paper IV was to examine endocrine extra-islet cells in T1D donors compared with matched controls. The density of extra-islet insulin cells was decreased, whereas the density of extra-islet glucagon cells was increased. The latter might be due to a compensatory response to impaired alpha-cell function or beta-to-alpha-cell conversion. These findings contribute to our understanding of the entire pancreas's function in both health and disease, enhancing our knowledge of T1D development and progression.
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| 8. |
- Seiron, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Transcriptional analysis of islets of Langerhans from organ donors of different ages
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin secretion is impaired with increasing age. In this study, we aimed to determine whether aging induces specific transcriptional changes in human islets. Laser capture microdissection was used to extract pancreatic islet tissue from 37 deceased organ donors aged 1-81 years. The transcriptomes of the extracted islets were analysed using Ion AmpliSeq sequencing. 346 genes that co-vary significantly with age were found. There was an increased transcription of genes linked to senescence, and several aspects of the cell cycle machinery were downregulated with increasing age. We detected numerous genes not linked to aging in previous studies likely because earlier studies analysed islet cells isolated by enzymatic digestion which might affect the islet transcriptome. Among the novel genes demonstrated to correlate with age, we found an upregulation of SPP1 encoding osteopontin. In beta cells, osteopontin has been seen to be protective against both cytotoxicity and hyperglycaemia. In summary, we present a transcriptional profile of aging in human islets and identify genes that could affect disease course in diabetes.
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