| 1. |
- Aronsson, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
-
A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and burnout symptoms
- 2017
-
In: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 17:264
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Practitioners and decision makers in the medical and insurance systems need knowledge on the relationship between work exposures and burnout. Many burnout studies -original as well as reviews-restricted their analyses to emotional exhaustion or did not report results on cynicism, personal accomplishment or global burnout. To meet this need we carried out this review and meta-analyses with the aim to provide systematically graded evidence for associations between working conditions and near-future development of burnout symptoms. Methods: A wide range of work exposure factors was screened. Inclusion criteria were: 1) Study performed in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand 1990-2013. 2) Prospective or comparable case control design. 3) Assessments of exposure (work) and outcome at baseline and at least once again during follow up 1-5 years later. Twenty-five articles met the predefined relevance and quality criteria. The GRADE-system with its 4-grade evidence scale was used. Results: Most of the 25 studies focused emotional exhaustion, fewer cynicism and still fewer personal accomplishment. Moderately strong evidence (grade 3) was concluded for the association between job control and reduced emotional exhaustion and between low workplace support and increased emotional exhaustion. Limited evidence (grade 2) was found for the associations between workplace justice, demands, high work load, low reward, low supervisor support, low co-worker support, job insecurity and change in emotional exhaustion. Cynicism was associated with most of these work factors. Reduced personal accomplishment was only associated with low reward. There were few prospective studies with sufficient quality on adverse chemical, biological and physical factors and burnout. Conclusion: While high levels of job support and workplace justice were protective for emotional exhaustion, high demands, low job control, high work load, low reward and job insecurity increased the risk for developing exhaustion. Our approach with a wide range of work exposure factors analysed in relation to the separate dimensions of burnout expanded the knowledge of associations, evidence as well as research needs. The potential of organizational interventions is illustrated by the findings that burnout symptoms are strongly influenced by structural factors such as job demands, support and the possibility to exert control.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Castner, Ashleigh T., et al.
(author)
-
Microscopic Insights into Cation-Coupled Electron HoppingTransport in a Metal-Organic Framework br
- 2022
-
In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 144:13, s. 5910-5920
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electron transport through metal-organic frameworks by ahopping mechanism between discrete redox active sites is coupled to diffusion-migration of charge-balancing counter cations. Experimentally determinedapparent diffusion coefficients,Deapp, that characterize this form of chargetransport thus contain contributions from both processes. While this is wellestablished for MOFs, microscopic descriptions of this process are largelylacking. Herein, we systematically lay out different scenarios for cation-coupledelectron transfer processes that are at the heart of charge diffusion throughMOFs. Through systematic variations of solvents and electrolyte cations, it isshown that theDeappfor charge migration through a PIZOF-type MOF,Zr(dcphOH-NDI) that is composed of redox-active naphthalenediimide(NDI) linkers, spans over 2 orders of magnitude. More importantly, however,the microscopic mechanisms for cation-coupled electron propagation arecontingent on differing factors depending on the size of the cation and its propensity to engage in ion pairs with reduced linkers,either non-specifically or in defined structural arrangements. Based on computations and in agreement with experimental results, weshow that ion pairing generally has an adverse effect on cation transport, thereby slowing down charge transport. In Zr(dcphOH-NDI), however, specific cation-linker interactions can open pathways for concerted cation-coupled electron transfer processes thatcan outcompete limitations from reduced cationflux.
|
|
| 5. |
- Grape, T, et al.
(author)
-
Primary gastroduodenal amyloidosis
- 2011
-
In: Endoscopy. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1438-8812 .- 0013-726X. ; 43, s. 288-288
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 6. |
- Lundkvist, Niklas, et al.
(author)
-
A Qualitative Analysis of the Neutron Population in Fresh and Spent Fuel Assemblies during Simulated Interrogation using the Differential Die-Away Technique
- 2015
-
In: ESARDA Bulletin. - 0392-3029. ; :53, s. 13-21
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Monte Carlo simulations were performed for the differential die-away (DDA) technique to analyse the time-dependent behaviour of the neutron population in fresh and spent nuclear fuel assemblies as part of the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative Spent Fuel (NGSI-SF) Project. Simulations were performed to investigate both a possibly portable as well as a permanent DDA instrument. Taking advantage of a custom made modification to the MCNPX code, the variation in the neutron population, simultaneously in time and space, was examined. The motivation for this research was to improve the design of the DDA instrument, as it is being considered for possible deployment at the Central Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel and Encapsulation Plant in Sweden (Clab), as well as to assist in the interpretation of the both simulated and measured signals.
|
|
| 7. |
- Martinik, Tomas, et al.
(author)
-
Characterization of Spent Nuclear Fuel with a Differential Die-Away Instrument
- 2014
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Differential die-away instrument (DDA) is currently being investigated within the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative Spent Fuel project as one of the non-destructive assay techniques for spent nuclear fuel characterization and verification. In this paper we report on the progress of designing the first prototype to be deployed at Swedish central interim storage facility (CLAB) where a first set of measurements of 25 PWR and 25BWR spent fuel assemblies is proposed. We also present several working concepts of how the instrument can be customized for dedicated purposes, be it a light weight instrument for portable applications, a minimalist design for reliable and economic operations or a so-called “defectoscope” design for detailed inspection of spent nuclear fuel assemblies.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Theorell, Töres, et al.
(author)
-
A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and depressive symptoms
- 2015
-
In: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 15
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Depressive symptoms are potential outcomes of poorly functioning work environments. Such symptoms are frequent and cause considerable suffering for the employees as well as financial loss for the employers. Accordingly good prospective studies of psychosocial working conditions and depressive symptoms are valuable. Scientific reviews of such studies have pointed at methodological difficulties but still established a few job risk factors. Those reviews were published some years ago. There is need for an updated systematic review using the GRADE system. In addition, gender related questions have been insufficiently reviewed. Method: Inclusion criteria for the studies published 1990 to June 2013: 1. European and English speaking countries. 2. Quantified results describing the relationship between exposure (psychosocial or physical/chemical) and outcome (standardized questionnaire assessment of depressive symptoms or interview-based clinical depression). 3. Prospective or comparable case-control design with at least 100 participants. 4. Assessments of exposure (working conditions) and outcome at baseline and outcome (depressive symptoms) once again after follow-up 1-5 years later. 5. Adjustment for age and adjustment or stratification for gender. Studies filling inclusion criteria were subjected to assessment of 1.) relevance and 2.) quality using predefined criteria. Systematic review of the evidence was made using the GRADE system. When applicable, meta-analysis of the magnitude of associations was made. Consistency of findings was examined for a number of possible confounders and publication bias was discussed. Results: Fifty-nine articles of high or medium high scientific quality were included. Moderately strong evidence (grade three out of four) was found for job strain (high psychological demands and low decision latitude), low decision latitude and bullying having significant impact on development of depressive symptoms. Limited evidence (grade two) was shown for psychological demands, effort reward imbalance, low support, unfavorable social climate, lack of work justice, conflicts, limited skill discretion, job insecurity and long working hours. There was no differential gender effect of adverse job conditions on depressive symptoms Conclusion: There is substantial empirical evidence that employees, both men and women, who report lack of decision latitude, job strain and bullying, will experience increasing depressive symptoms over time. These conditions are amenable to organizational interventions. © 2015 Theorell et al.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
