| 1. |
- De Vadder, Filipe, et al.
(författare)
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Gut microbiota regulates maturation of the adult enteric nervous system via enteric serotonin networks
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 115:25, s. 6458-6463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The enteric nervous system (ENS) is crucial for essential gastrointestinal physiologic functions such as motility, fluid secretion, and blood flow. The gut is colonized by trillions of bacteria that regulate host production of several signaling molecules including serotonin (5-HT) and other hormones and neurotransmitters. Approximately 90% of 5-HT originates from the intestine, and activation of the 5-HT4 receptor in the ENS has been linked to adult neurogenesis and neuroprotection. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the gut micro-biota could induce maturation of the adult ENS through release of 5-HT and activation of 5-HT4 receptors. Colonization of germ-free mice with a microbiota from conventionally raised mice modified the neuroanatomy of the ENS and increased intestinal transit rates, which was associated with neuronal and mucosal 5-HT production and the proliferation of enteric neuronal progenitors in the adult intestine. Pharmacological modulation of the 5-HT4 receptor, as well as depletion of endogenous 5-HT, identified a mechanistic link between the gut microbiota and maturation of the adult ENS through the release of 5-HT and activation of the 5-HT4 receptor. Taken together, these findings show that the microbiota modulates the anatomy of the adult ENS in a 5-HT-dependent fashion with concomitant changes in intestinal transit.
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| 2. |
- Grasset, Estelle
(författare)
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Deciphering the interaction between nervous system and gut micro-biota to better treat type 2 diabetes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Correspondances En Metabolismes Hormones Diabetes Et Nutrition. - 2100-9619. ; 22:7, s. 159-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a chronic hyperglycemia resulting from many disorders including an impaired neural detection of glucose. These nervous alterations lead to the loss of an adequate metabolic response. The neural detection of glucose is an early event starting when the food is ingested, from the mouth (in the taste buds) to the intestine, by the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system. The presence of bacteria in the mouth and throughout the intestinal tract can influence the nervous response to glucose. During metabolic diseases, the oral and intestinal microbiota are altered and imbalanced and a neuropathy is observed. These two factors contribute to the aggravation of the disease. It has recently been shown that a dysbiotic microbiota may be one of the causes of diabetic nerve damage and the loss of neural glucose sensing during type 2 diabetes. Thus, treating the microbiota dysbiosis could become a strategy to improve diabetic neuropathy and nervous glucose detection notably through pro and prebiotics.
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| 3. |
- Grasset, Estelle, et al.
(författare)
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The gut microbiota to the brain axis in the metabolic control
- 2019
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Ingår i: Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-9155 .- 1573-2606.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The regulation of glycemia is under a tight neuronal detection of glucose levels performed by the gut-brain axis and an efficient efferent neuronal message sent to the peripheral organs, as the pancreas to induce insulin and inhibit glucagon secretions. The neuronal detection of glucose levels is performed by the autonomic nervous system including the enteric nervous system and the vagus nerve innervating the gastro-intestinal tractus, from the mouth to the anus. A dysregulation of this detection leads to the one of the most important current health issue around the world i.e. diabetes mellitus. Furthemore, the consequences of diabetes mellitus on neuronal homeostasis and activities participate to the aggravation of the disease establishing a viscious circle. Prokaryotic cells as bacteria, reside in our gut. The strong relationship between prokaryotic cells and our eukaryotic cells has been established long ago, and prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in our body have evolved synbiotically. For the last decades, studies demonstrated the critical role of the gut microbiota on the metabolic control and how its shift can induce diseases such as diabetes. Despite an important increase of knowledge, few is known about 1) how the gut microbiota influences the neuronal detection of glucose and 2) how the diabetes mellitus-induced gut microbiota shift observed participates to the alterations of autonomic nervous system and the gut-brain axis activity.
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