| 1. |
- Löfgren, Helena
(författare)
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Det legitima ägandet : Politiska konstruktioner av allmännyttans privatisering i Stockholms stad 1990–2015
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the last decades of the 20th century, a major change in welfare and housing policy was initiated in Sweden. This meant that a significant proportion of public rental housing was privatised through political decisions. This thesis is specifically concerned with how the privatization of public rental housing has been legitimized in the political debate, which is of particular importance given the symbolic value that public rental housing has had for the Swedish welfare policy. The privatisation of public housing has been particularly evident in Stockholm, which has therefore been the main focus of the thesis. The study has an in-depth empirical focus on the budget debate in the Stockholm City Council between the years 1990 and 2015. The material analysed in the thesis consists of the City Council's annual budget debate during the period 1990-2015, as well as other parts of the City Council debate. Additional material consists of campaign material, material from the public housing companies and bills and Swedish Government Official Reports (SOU) . The overall aim of the thesis is to contribute to knowledge about how the privatisation of public rental housing has been legitimised and to critically examine what this means for the way in which responsible politicians have portrayed housing and specifically its ownership. This is done by answering the following research questions: How has the privatization of public rental housing been legitimized in the city of Stockholm between 1990 and 2015? And: How have the applied legitimation strategies influenced the discursive framework of the new housing policy? Using Critical Discourse Theory, the empirical material is analysed with reference to a model of legitimation based on Theo van Leeuwen (2008). Based on van Leeuwen's model of legitimation analysis, the analysis of the policy debate reveals a predominance of moral and rational strategies to legitimize policy decisions. The usage has however varied according to the type of privatisation and when in time the legitimations took place. One of the conclusions of the thesis is how changes have been legitimised with reference to social aspects such as integration and improved conditions for inhabitants of disadvantaged areas, groups that have not primarily benefited from the privatisation practices that have taken place. The gap that emerges between those who have benefited from the policy and those who have not shows that this is a policy that has needed to be justified and thus required a legitimizing discourse. The thesis contributes to research focusing on how privatisations are shaped and understood through discursive orders and constructions.
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| 2. |
- Borg, Erik, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation and Specialization Strategies in Medical Tourism : Evidences from Europe
- 2014
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Ingår i: 4th Annual International Conference on Business Strategy and Organizational Behaviour (BizStrategy 2014). - Singapore : GSTF. ; , s. 47-50
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The health service industry is becoming increasingly internationalized. People are travelling increasingly longer distances for medical treatment. A new rapidly expanding medical tourism industry has emerged. For health service providers to compete they have to specialize and become more innovative. These innovative strategies are not limited to technical innovation, but also organizational- and service-related innovations. Treatment costs which influence the price paid for treatment are becoming a major factor influencing competition. We have looked at recent changes made within the European health care sector, to find evidence of a new innovative climate for the provision of medical treatment to patients. The emergence of Centers of Excellence is an example of responses to a new competitive climate in a global industry.
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| 3. |
- Box, Marcus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Bankruptcies in Sweden, 1774–1849 : Causes and structural differences
- 2020. - 1
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Ingår i: Luxury, Fashion and the Early Modern Idea of Credit. - London : Routledge. - 9780367332693 - 9780429318979 ; , s. 62-75
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1771, the first Swedish academic thesis on bankruptcy and insolvency was defended by Carl Bergström at Uppsala University. In this and other contemporary Swedish publications on the topic, shortcomings in the debtor’s character including gambling, dishonesty, fraudulent behaviour and a disposition for speculation were mentioned as major causes for bankruptcies. The idea that a debtor also was a swindler, and should be severely punished, was spread by Italian merchants to, above all, France, Spain, England and Germany. The moralising causal explanation for bankruptcy can be questioned from a social science research perspective. Based on modern literature, we can see many reasons for why a trader, shopkeeper or an artisan had to file for bankruptcy. An economic shock is an event that occurs outside of an economy and produces significant change within an economy.
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| 4. |
- Box, Marcus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Destructive entrepreneurship in the small business sector : bankruptcy fraud in Sweden, 1830–2010
- 2020
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 54, s. 437-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entrepreneurship will not always productive: Baumol (1990, 1993) distinguishes between productive, unproductive, and destructive entrepreneurial activities, and in the last two cases, new values are not created. Setting of from the notion of destructive entrepreneurship and the bankruptcy institute as framework for the empirical analysis, we use long aggregate series on bankruptcies and bankruptcy frauds in Sweden, 1830–2010. We operationalize destructive entrepreneurship with bankruptcy frauds. The bankruptcy institute is not a pure cleansing mechanism; assets can be redistributed by criminal procedure. Thus, a form of destructive entrepreneurship can be conducted within this system. We link bankruptcy frauds to the selection mechanism—the aggregate bankruptcy volume—over time. We cannot establish any direct linkages between the bankruptcy volume and institutional changes. However, and in line with research on bankruptcy diffusion and diffusion of economic crimes, we find that bankruptcy frauds have significant, positive impacts on the bankruptcy volume. Therefore, our results indicate that increases in bankruptcy frauds, destructive entrepreneurship, would affect the economic system. © 2018 The Author(s)
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| 5. |
- Box, Marcus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Företagsnedläggningar : Olika perspektiv och forskningsmetoder
- 2018
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Ingår i: Insolvensrättslig tidskrift. - : Föreningen Insolvensrättslig Tidskrift. - 2002-3014 .- 2002-6315. ; 3:1, s. 12-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uppsatsen redogör för förklaringar till företagsdödlighet i såväl offentliga utredningar som inom ekonomisk och sociologisk forskning och teoribildning. Två fundamentalt olika föreställningar om hur och varför företag beter sig på ett visst sätt har dominerat de flesta studier. Ett perspektiv förutsätter en central roll för företagsledningens beslutsfattande och kompetens. Ett andra och motsatt perspektiv ser företags beteenden bestämda av externa krafter över vilka företagsledningen saknar kontroll. De olika föreställningarna påverkar resultat och slutsatser inom forskningen och har också betydelse för utformningen av den ekonomiska politiken.
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| 6. |
- Box, Marcus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Konkurs och konjunktur i Sverige 1830-2010
- 2016
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Ingår i: Insolvensrättslig tidskrift. - : Föreningen Insolvensrättslig Tidskrift. - 2002-3014 .- 2002-6315. ; :1, s. 20-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ekonomer betraktar vanligtvis konkursutvecklingen som en konjunkturindikator och därmed beroende av förändringar på ekonomins efterfrågesida: konkurserna förväntas öka i tider av ekonomisk nedgång och minska under högkonjunkturer. Flertalet analyser är emellertid kortsiktiga. I denna uppsats presenterar vi ny och unik empiri där vi analyserar det långsiktiga sambandet mellan konjunkturväxlingar och konkurser i Sverige mellan år 1830 och år 2010. I uppsatsen diskuteras också problem som kan uppstå i tolkningen av konkursstatistiken, både historiskt och i vår samtid. Den statistiska analysen visar att det delvis går att fastställa ett samband mellan makroekonomiska svängningar och förändringar i konkursmängden.
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| 7. |
- Box, Marcus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth in Sweden, 1850–2000
- 2016. - 1
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Ingår i: Contemporary Entrepreneurship. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319281322 - 9783319281346 ; , s. 31-49
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent developments in entrepreneurship suggest a causal link between entrepreneurial activity and economic growth: entrepreneurship precedes economic growth. A positive effect from entrepreneurship on economic development in advanced, innovation-driven economies in the most recent decades is often maintained. Self-employment is one of the most common indicators of entrepreneurship. The present study uses very long series of non-interrupted data on self-employment in Sweden (1850–2000). It analyzes the relationship between variations in self-employment and economic growth. For the entire period, variations in self-employment had a significant, instantaneous positive correlation with GDP growth. However, no causal relationship could be discovered: variations in self-employment did not (Granger) cause GDP growth. We discovered a structural break in GDP growth as early as in the year of 1948. Up until 1948, (Granger) causality between self-employment and GDP could not be established for any direction. For the other segment (1949–2000), GDP growth (Granger) caused self-employment growth, but not the other way around. For the period 1949–2000, but not for the previous period, selfemployment lagged with respect to GDP growth. Consequently, GDP growth preceded self-employment growth, but self-employment growth did not precede GDP growth. Given that self-employment is a suitable indicator, the empirical results in this study are, in several respects, in disagreement with dominating assumptions in mainstream research.
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| 8. |
- Box, Marcus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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New-Firm Survival in Sweden : New Methods and Results
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Review of Entrepreneurship. - : Senate Hall Academic Publishing. - 2009-2822. ; :4, s. 431-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyse firm survival and focus on several levels of analysis (both firm level and macro-level). We employ a unique longitudinal data set, recorded at the firm-level and covering nine complete entry cohorts of Swedish companies. The companies were founded between 1899 and 1992, and each firm is followed over nearly a decade. We adopt the semi-parametric complementary log-log (cloglog) model. The main novelty of our approach is that, unlike extant studies so far, we are able to distinguish between the impact on the hazard rate of founding conditions and contemporaneous, post-entry conditions. Using our new approach we test several hypotheses derived from the Industrial Organization and Organizational Ecology literatures.
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| 9. |
- Box, Marcus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-employment, corruption, and property rights : a comparative analysis of European and CEE economies
- 2023
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Ingår i: SN Business & Economics. - : Springer. - 2662-9399. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes the relationship between self-employment, corruption, and property rights in 30 European countries, including 11 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) economies, across the two decades of 1996–2016. In general, relatively little research has focused on the relationship between entrepreneurship and the protection of property rights. Furthermore, past findings show that corruption may have both negative and positive effects on the level of entrepreneurial activity, either “greasing” or “sanding” the wheels for entrepreneurship. Overall, research on how the informal institution corruption and the formal institution property rights are linked to entrepreneurship in post-socialist/transition economies has been limited. We find that stronger protection of property rights increases self-employment ratios, both in Europe in general and in CEE economies. The relationship between self-employment and the control of corruption is not significant. We conclude that neither higher nor lower levels of corruption control affect the share of self-employment. In comparative perspective, the ratio of self-employment in the group of CEE economies does not respond differently to these two key institutions.
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| 10. |
- Box, Marcus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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The Asymmetric Effect of Bankruptcy Fraud in Sweden : A Long-Term Perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of quantitative criminology. - : Springer. - 0748-4518 .- 1573-7799. ; 35:2, s. 287-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The knowledge of the effects of white-collar crimes is incomplete. In the article, we operationalize white-collar crimes as bankruptcy frauds. Economic models maintain that interlinkages between firms may give ‘domino effects’: bankruptcy events could lead to ‘bankruptcy chains’ in which a bankruptcy spreads to other firms. Analogously, criminologists assert that social and economic networks can be a major source of fraud diffusion, with the potential to drive other firms bankrupt. Recent empirical results show that crimes may have detrimental and even asymmetric (nonlinear) effects on economic activity. We analyze the diffusion and the aggregate development of bankruptcy frauds in Sweden over nearly two hundred years, specifically focusing on the relationship between bankruptcy frauds and the bankruptcy volume. We also consider linkages between bankruptcy frauds, bankruptcies, and the macroeconomic cycle. Methods: We use long, aggregate time series, collected from several different historical and contemporary sources. Applying the recently developed cointegrating nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model, we investigate whether the bankruptcy volume reacts asymmetrically to increases and decreases in bankruptcy frauds, both in the short and the long run. Results: Bankruptcy frauds reveal a causal effect on bankruptcies, showing an asymmetric (nonlinear) diffusion effect from economic frauds to the bankruptcy volume. Increases in bankruptcy frauds have a positive and significant effect on the bankruptcy volume. However, decreases in bankruptcy frauds show no significant effect. No causal relationship between the macroeconomic cycle and bankruptcy frauds is found. Conclusions: Our data and research approach demonstrate how previously generated hypotheses in both criminology and economic research on the relationship between (economic) crimes, economic activity, and the diffusion of white-collar crime can be tested at an aggregate level. © 2018 The Author(s)
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