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- Johansson, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Behaviour of an intumescing system subjected to different heating conditions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Fire and Materials 2013 - 13th International Conference and Exhibition, Conference Proceedings. ; , s. 187-196
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have indicated that the expansion of fire seals and fire stoppers will be dependent on the heat exposure. Standardized methods for classification includes exposure to a rapid heat exposure of the product that is tested, but this might not always be the worst case scenario for the product. In this paper a series of tests are presented in order to study how a graphite based intumescing system, intended for cavities, reacts when subjected to fire conditions different form that in the standardised method EN 1366-4. Two different experimental setups, a cone calorimeter at Lund University and a small-scale furnace at SP Fire Technology, were used in the tests. The start of expansion reaction in the tested fire stopper was around 180°C. The start of reaction temperature is rather independent of the incident heat flux, while expansion rate is clearly dependent on the incident heat flux. Furthermore, the studied fire stopper performed well in the small-scale furnace because the graphite expanded enough to give the same protection, although it is preheated or wet, as when subjected to a heat exposure similar to ISO 834. These results are good but they are only considered valid for the studied system and for the given situation. Future research is needed in order to study how other types of intumescing fire protection systems work when subjected to realistic fire environments.
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- Sundström, Björn, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the fire performance of electric cables in the European Construction Products Regulations (including description of Extended Application procedures)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Fire and Materials 2013 - 13th International Conference and Exhibition, Conference Proceedings. ; , s. 23-34
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CPD (Construction Products Directive) will be replaced by the CPR (Construction Products Regulation) in 2013. This will hasten implementation of the classification system developed over recent years and a major reason for this is that the CPR requires that CE-marking is mandatory, and this will also put pressure on member states not to allow any national marking systems. The classification standard prEN 13501-6 for cables is now being been agreed and the method for dealing with families of cables under EXAP rules (Extended Application) has been accepted by CENELEC for further development to a standard and will be described in this paper. prEN 13501-6 gives seven classes of cables which are called Aca, B1ca, B2ca, C ca, Dca, Eca and Fca. The classification is based on heat release, smoke production, flame spread, burning droplets, and acidity. The classification parameters, except acidity and ignition, are measured in a large calorimeter cable test according to the standard EN 50399. The system is analogue to the European classes for linings. In order to have an efficient framework for CE-marking of cables it is necessary to implement EXAPrules which will reduce the number of test required for a well-defined family of cables from a particular manufacturer to be classified. EXAP-rules were developed in the joint European project CEMAC (CE-Marking of Cables) where cables manufacturers as well as research and test institutes participated. These rules are applicable for the test method presented in EN 50399, and are applicable to power cables with circular cross-section. They are based on a large set of test data obtained in tests carried out to this standard and analysed based on principles of fire dynamics.
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