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- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 7. |
- Blanton, Michael R., et al.
(författare)
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Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 154:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and. high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z similar to 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z similar to 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs. and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the. Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July.
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| 8. |
- Malmgren, Sara, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Anomalous diffusion of ions in electrochromic tungsten oxide films
- 2017
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 247, s. 252-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphous tungsten oxide thinfilms were deposited by sputtering at different O2/Ar ratios onto conducting substrates. Ion intercalation and diffusion in thefilms was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in the frequency range 10 mHz–100 kHz and for potentials between 1.0 and 3.2 V vs. Li/Li+, using the film as working electrode in a Li+ containing electrolyte. The impedance data were in very good agreement with anomalous diffusion models. Different models were found to be applicable at potentials >1.8 V and <1.8 V. At high potentials ion intercalation was found to be reversible and an anomalous diffusion model describing ion hopping was favored. At low potentials ion intercalation was found to be irreversible and ion trapping takes place. In this latter range an anomalous diffusion model for the case of non-conserved number of charge carriers gave the best fit to experimentaldata. We obtained potential dependent diffusion coefficients in the range from 109 to 1011cm2/s, and anomalous diffusion exponents in the range 0.1 to 0.4, with the films deposited at lower O2/Ar ratios exhibiting the higher values.
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| 9. |
- Niklasson, Gunnar A., 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Ageing of electrochromic tungsten oxide thin films studied by impedance spectroscopy.
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tungsten oxide is the most widely used cathodic electrochromic material for smart window applications and a major challenge is to ensure the durability over a service life of more than 20 years. Hence, the degradation under operating conditions must be better understood and preferably prevented. Recent progress in this field includes studies of the power-law kinetics of the degradation process [1] as well as the possibility to rejuvenate degraded films, thereby restoring them to their initial state [2]. In this paper we use impedance spectroscopy to investigate electrochemical ageing of sputter deposited tungsten oxide thin films. Impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out in a Li+-containing electrolyte, from the open circuit potential at about 3.2V vs. Li down to (1) 2.2 V, which is in the reversible intercalation range; (2) 1.5 V and (3) 1.0 V; at these latter voltages Li intercalation has been found to be irreversible. Subsequently, measurements were carried out for increasing voltages up to the starting point at 3.2 V vs. Li. The intercalated charge capacity was unaffected when potentials below 2.0 V were avoided, while it decreased drastically on the return path from 1.5 V and 1.0 V vs. Li. We interpret this ageing behaviour as an effect of trapping of Li ions irreversibly in the film. Secondly, after the films had been subjected to the low potentials known to induce degradation, the charge transfer resistance in the usual operating range above 2.0 V vs. Li showed a marked increase. This is interpreted as a signature of the development of a solid-electrolyte interface. In conclusion, our measurements suggest that the development of the solid-electrolyte interface may be responsible for the slow degradation observed under normal operating conditions, while Li ion trapping is mainly responsible for severe degradation at potentials significantly below 2.0 V vs. Li. [1] R.-T. Wen, C. G. Granqvist, and G. A. Niklasson: Cyclic voltammetry on sputter-deposited films of electrochromic Ni oxide: Power-law decay of the charge density exchange. Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 163502 (2014) [2] R.-T. Wen, G.A. Niklasson and C.G. Granqvist: Eliminating degradation and uncovering ion-trapping dynamics in electrochromic WO3 thin films. Nature Materials 14 996-1002 (2015)
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| 10. |
- Niklasson, Gunnar A., et al.
(författare)
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Determination of electronic structure by impedance spectroscopy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3093 .- 1873-4812. ; 356:11-17, s. 705-709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a novel method, based on electrochemical intercalation and impedance spectroscopy, to determine the electronic density of states of disordered transition metal oxides. Specifically, we have determined the "electrochemical density of states" of tungsten and iridium oxide thin films over energy ranges as wide as 1-2 eV. Our experimental results show a number of qualitative features exhibited by state-of-the-art band structure computations. Differences in details are probably due to the disordered, porous and sometimes amorphous nature of our films. The results suggest that the impedance spectroscopy method can be used to obtain the density of states only if the conduction band states are localized. The electrochemical density of states is often smaller than the computed one due to kinetic effects, i.e. very slow relaxations of the charge carriers. Nevertheless, our sensitive method opens new vistas for studying the electronic structure of disordered materials.
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