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- Kim, Jae-Young, et al.
(författare)
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Event Horizon Telescope imaging of the archetypal blazar 3C 279 at an extreme 20 microarcsecond resolution
- 2020
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 640
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 3C 279 is an archetypal blazar with a prominent radio jet that show broadband flux density variability across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. We use an ultra-high angular resolution technique - global Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) at 1.3mm (230 GHz) - to resolve the innermost jet of 3C 279 in order to study its fine-scale morphology close to the jet base where highly variable-ray emission is thought to originate, according to various models. The source was observed during four days in April 2017 with the Event Horizon Telescope at 230 GHz, including the phased Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, at an angular resolution of ∼20 μas (at a redshift of z = 0:536 this corresponds to ∼0:13 pc ∼ 1700 Schwarzschild radii with a black hole mass MBH = 8 × 108 M⊙). Imaging and model-fitting techniques were applied to the data to parameterize the fine-scale source structure and its variation.We find a multicomponent inner jet morphology with the northernmost component elongated perpendicular to the direction of the jet, as imaged at longer wavelengths. The elongated nuclear structure is consistent on all four observing days and across diffierent imaging methods and model-fitting techniques, and therefore appears robust. Owing to its compactness and brightness, we associate the northern nuclear structure as the VLBI "core". This morphology can be interpreted as either a broad resolved jet base or a spatially bent jet.We also find significant day-to-day variations in the closure phases, which appear most pronounced on the triangles with the longest baselines. Our analysis shows that this variation is related to a systematic change of the source structure. Two inner jet components move non-radially at apparent speeds of ∼15 c and ∼20 c (∼1:3 and ∼1:7 μas day-1, respectively), which more strongly supports the scenario of traveling shocks or instabilities in a bent, possibly rotating jet. The observed apparent speeds are also coincident with the 3C 279 large-scale jet kinematics observed at longer (cm) wavelengths, suggesting no significant jet acceleration between the 1.3mm core and the outer jet. The intrinsic brightness temperature of the jet components are ≤1010 K, a magnitude or more lower than typical values seen at ≥7mm wavelengths. The low brightness temperature and morphological complexity suggest that the core region of 3C 279 becomes optically thin at short (mm) wavelengths.
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| 2. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-Scale Simulation for Nanowires and Carbon Nanotubes
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the advent of nanotechnology; semiconductor processing is driving developments in computational chemis-try and computational material science. Describing materials from an atomic perspective allows for simulations that describe the formation of and flow of electrons in nanoscale structures. However; to achieve design for mi-croelectronics technologies requires atomic scale simulations that span varying length and time scales. In this presentation; developments toward a strategy for simulating nanowire and carbon nanotubes; their electronic structure; and electron and phonon transport within a single simulation hierarchy is described.
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| 3. |
- Lu, Ru-Sen, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of Intrinsic Source Structure at similar to 3 Schwarzschild Radii with Millimeter-VLBI Observations of SAGITTARIUS A*
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 859:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report results from very long baseline interferometric (VLBI) observations of the supermassive black hole in the Galactic center, Sgr A*, at 1.3 mm (230 GHz). The observations were performed in 2013 March using six VLBI stations in Hawaii, California, Arizona, and Chile. Compared to earlier observations, the addition of the APEX telescope in Chile almost doubles the longest baseline length in the array, provides additional uv coverage in the N-S direction, and leads to a spatial resolution of similar to 30 mu as (similar to 3 Schwarzschild radii) for Sgr A*. The source is detected even at the longest baselines with visibility amplitudes of similar to 4%-13% of the total flux density. We argue that such flux densities cannot result from interstellar refractive scattering alone, but indicate the presence of compact intrinsic source structure on scales of similar to 3 Schwarzschild radii. The measured nonzero closure phases rule out point-symmetric emission. We discuss our results in the context of simple geometric models that capture the basic characteristics and brightness distributions of disk-and jet-dominated models and show that both can reproduce the observed data. Common to these models are the brightness asymmetry, the orientation, and characteristic sizes, which are comparable to the expected size of the black hole shadow. Future 1.3 mm VLBI observations with an expanded array and better sensitivity will allow more detailed imaging of the horizon-scale structure and bear the potential for a deep insight into the physical processes at the black hole boundary.
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| 6. |
- Fransson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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A physical compact model for electron transport across single molecules
- 2006
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on nanotechnology. - 1536-125X .- 1941-0085. ; 5:6, s. 745-749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prediction of current flow across single molecules requires ab initio electronic structure calculations along with their associated high computational demand, and a means for incorporating open system boundary conditions to describe the voltage sources driving the current. To date, first principle predictions of electron transport across single molecules have not fully achieved a predictive capability. The situation for molecular electronics may be compared to conventional technology computer-aided design (TCAD), whereby various approximations to the Boltzmann transport equation are solved to predict electronic device behavior, but in practice are too time consuming for most circuit design applications. To simplify device models for circuit design, analytical but physically motivated models are introduced to capture the behavior of active and passive devices; however, similar models do not vet exist for molecular electronics. We follow a similar approach by evaluating an analytical model achieved by combining a mesoscopic transport model with parameterizations taken from quantum chemical calculations of the electronic structure of single molecule bonded between two metal contacts. Using the model to describe electron transport across benzene- 1,4-dithiol and by comparing to experiment, we are able to extract the coupling strength of the molecule attached to two infinite metal electrodes. The resulting procedure allows for accurate and computationally efficient modeling of the static (dc) characteristics of a single molecule, with the added capability of being able to study the physical model parameter variations across a range of experiments. Such simple physical models are also an important step towards developing a design methodology for molecular electronics.
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