| 1. |
- Aldea, Steliana, et al.
(författare)
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Crystallization of Nano-Calcium Carbonate : The Influence of Process Parameters
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chemie Ingenieur Technik. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0009-286X .- 1522-2640. ; 88:11, s. 1609-1616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precipitated calcium carbonate was synthesized by carbonation of calcium hydroxide in the presence and absence of ultrasound (conventional stirring) at atmospheric as well as at elevated pressures and different initial concentrations of Ca(OH)2. Spherical morphology of the formed calcite was favored at high Ca(OH)2 concentrations and low CO2 pressures. The presence of ultrasound did not show any influence on the reaction rate in case of efficient mixing. A small increase of the reaction rate was observed at lower CO2 pressures. Elevated pressures in combination with ultrasound did not lead to notable changes of reaction rate or particle morphology.
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| 2. |
- Edqvist, Per-Henrik D., et al.
(författare)
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Loss of ASRGL1 expression is an independent biomarker for disease-specific survival in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma
- 2015
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Ingår i: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 137:3, s. 529-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective For endometrial carcinoma, prognostic stratification methods do not satisfactorily identify patients with adverse outcome. Currently, histology, tumor grade and stage are used to tailoring surgical treatment and to determine the need for adjuvant treatment. Low-risk patients are not considered to require adjuvant therapy or staging lymphadenectomy. For patients with intermediate or high risk, some guidelines recommend tailoring adjuvant treatment according to additional negative prognostic factors. Our objective was to evaluate the biomarker potential of the ASRGL1 protein in endometrial carcinoma. Methods Using The Human Protein Atlas (www.proteinatlas.org), the l-asparaginase (ASRGL1) protein was identified as an endometrial carcinoma biomarker candidate. ASRGL1 expression was immunohistochemically evaluated with an extensively validated antibody on two independent endometrial carcinoma cohorts (n = 229 and n = 286) arranged as tissue microarrays. Staining results were correlated with clinical features. Results Reduced expression of ASRGL1, defined as < 75% positively stained tumor cells, was significantly associated with poor prognosis and reduced disease-specific survival in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EEA). In multivariate analysis the hazard ratios for disease-specific survival were 3.55 (95% CI = 1.10-11.43; p = 0.003) and 3.23 (95% CI = 1.53-6.81; p = 0.002) in the two cohorts, respectively. Of the 48 cases with Grade 3 Stage I tumor all disease-related deaths were associated with low ASRGL1 expression. Conclusions Loss of ASRGL1 in EEA is a powerful biomarker for poor prognosis and retained ASRGL1 has a positive impact on survival. ASRGL1 immunohistochemistry has potential to become an additional tool for prognostication in cases where tailoring adjuvant treatment according to additional prognostic factors besides grade and stage is recommended.
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| 3. |
- Grénman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling the influence of wood anisotropy and internal diffusion on delignification kinetics
- 2010
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Ingår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society. - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 49:20, s. 9703-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A general mathematical model for the chemical pulping of wood including coupled chemical reactions and diffusion limitations in anisotropic wood chips was developed. The model, which consists of coupled parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) and ordinary differential equations (ODEs), describes the time-dependent behavior of wood chips as they are exposed to chemicals in the liquid phase. In addition to the reaction−diffusion phenomena, the model describes the change of the wood chip porosity during the process. A numerical algorithm that combines spatial discretization by finite differences with a stiff ODE solver based on the backward difference method was used as an efficient strategy to solve the mass balances of wood chips in batch reactors. Numerical simulations with the software can be used to predict the progress of industrial delignification, that is, production of primarily cellulose through chemical pulping. The effect of the reaction parameters, such as the temperature and the concentrations of the alkaline delignification chemicals, as well as the sizes of the wood chips, can be evaluated with the model, the final goal being the intensification of the chemical pulping process. The model can be used to describe both the current kraft pulping (sulfate pulping) technique, as well as other processes, such as sulfite pulping and pulping in nonaqueous solvents.
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| 4. |
- Huvila, J., et al.
(författare)
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Combined ASRGL1 and p53 immunohistochemistry as an independent predictor of survival in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma
- 2018
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Ingår i: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Academic Press Inc.. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 149:1, s. 173-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: In clinical practise, prognostication of endometrial cancer is based on clinicopathological risk factors. The use of immunohistochemistry-based markers as prognostic tools is generally not recommended and a systematic analysis of their utility as a panel is lacking. We evaluated whether an immunohistochemical marker panel could reliably assess endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) outcome independent of clinicopathological information. Methods: A cohort of 306 EEC specimens was profiled using tissue microarray (TMA). Cost- and time-efficient immunohistochemical analysis of well-established tissue biomarkers (ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67, MLH1 and p53) and two new biomarkers (L1CAM and ASRGL1) was carried out. Statistical modelling with embedded variable selection was applied on the staining results to identify minimal prognostic panels with maximal prognostic accuracy without compromising generalizability. Results: A panel including p53 and ASRGL1 immunohistochemistry was identified as the most accurate predictor of relapse-free and disease-specific survival. Within this panel, patients were allocated into high- (5.9%), intermediate- (29.5%) and low- (64.6%) risk groups where high-risk patients had a 30-fold risk (P < 0.001) of dying of EEC compared to the low-risk group. Conclusions: P53 and ASRGL1 immunoprofiling stratifies EEC patients into three risk groups with significantly different outcomes. This simple and easily applicable panel could provide a useful tool in EEC risk stratification and guiding the allocation of treatment modalities.
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| 5. |
- Huvila, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
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Progesterone receptor negativity is an independent risk factor for relapse in patients with early stage endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma
- 2013
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Ingår i: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 130:3, s. 463-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. In endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EEA), the currently established prognostic factors in clinical guidelines are stage and grade. Many guidelines include lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and tumor size as prognostic factors. Although several studies have associated lack of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression with reduced outcome, the prognostic use of these markers is uncommon. Better prognostication of clinical behavior would be useful in patients with early stage (I-II) disease. In this study we evaluated ER and PR as prognostic factors in EEA, and compared their expression with other potential biomarkers and clinical parameters. Methods. Tissue microarrays were constructed from 182 patients with stages I-II EEA. ER, PR, p53, Ki-67, PTEN, MLH and HER-2 expression were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and HER-2 was confirrried with SISH. The results were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and to disease-free survival. Results. Eleven patients (6%) developed recurrent disease during a median follow up time of 62.8 months. In univariate analysis FIGO grade (p = 0.019), positive expression of p53 (p = 0.010) and negative PR expression (p = 0.001) were associated with a shorter disease-free survival. In multivariate analysis only negative PR expression (p = 0.019) was significantly associated with a shorter disease-free survival. LVI and tumor size where not of prognostic value. Conclusions. Lack of PR expression is a strong, independent risk factor for tumor recurrence in patients with stages I-II endometrioid endometrial cancer. The use of this easily measurable biomarker as a prognostic factor in the clinical context should be considered and tested in a larger patient population.
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| 6. |
- Pezoa-Conte, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Aqueous Extraction of the Sulfated Polysaccharide Ulvan from the Green Alga Ulva rigida : Kinetics and Modeling
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bioenergy Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1939-1234 .- 1939-1242. ; 10:3, s. 915-928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incentives for utilizing a versatile range of renewable feedstocks in novel ways are continuously increasing. Sulfated polysaccharides from green algae, such as ulvan, are interesting due to the rare sugar constituents which can be utilized for new materials and chemicals in industry. However, before valorization fractionation needs to be performed in a controlled way. In the current work, the kinetics of the aqueous extraction of ulvan was studied in the temperature range 60–130 °C. The highest yield of 97.6 wt.% was attained after 2 h of extraction at 130 °C, and the extraction efficiency was observed to be heavily temperature dependent. Interestingly, two regimes of extraction kinetics were observed, presumably due to the different ulvan fractions contained within the cell wall of green algae. The experimental data was modeled with first-order kinetics, and an apparent activation energy of 53.8 kJ mol−1 was obtained for the process. The algal residue was processed using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and 0.48 g ethanol g−1 of sugars was obtained.
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