| 1. |
- Forzati, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Next-generation optical access seamless evolution : Concluding results of the European FP7 Project OASE
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1943-0620 .- 1943-0639. ; 7:2, s. 109-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing bandwidth demand drives the need for next-generation optical access (NGOA) networks that can meet future end-user service requirements. This paper gives an overview of NGOA solutions, the enabling optical access network technologies, architecture principles, and related economics and business models. NGOA requirements (including peak and sustainable data rate, reach, cost, node consolidation, and open access) are proposed, and the different solutions are compared against such requirements in different scenarios (in terms of population density and system migration). Unsurprisingly, it is found that different solutions are best suited for different scenarios. The conclusions drawn from such findings allow us to formulate recommendations in terms of technology, strategy, and policy. The paper is based on the main results of the European FP7 OASE Integrated Project that ran between January 1, 2010 and February 28, 2013.
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| 2. |
- Grobe, K, et al.
(författare)
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Heparan sulfate and development : differential roles of the N-acetylglucosamine N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase isozymes.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects. - 0304-4165 .- 1872-8006. ; 1573:3, s. 209-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heparan sulfates (HSs) are N- and O-sulfated polysaccharide components of proteoglycans, which are important constituents of the cell surface as well as the extracellular matrix. Heparin, with extensive clinical application as an anticoagulant, is a highly sulfated form of HS present within the granules of connective tissue type mast cells. The diverse functions of HS, which include the modulation of growth factor/cytokine activity, interaction with matrix proteins and binding of enzymes to cell surfaces, depend greatly on the presence of specific, high affinity regions on the chains. N-acetylglucosamine N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferases, NDSTs, are an important group of enzymes in HS biosynthesis, initiating the sulfation of the polysaccharide chains and thus determining the generation of the high affinity sites. Here, we review the role of the four vertebrate NDSTs in HS biosynthesis as well as their regulated expression. The main emphasis is the phenotypes of mice lacking one or more of the NDSTs.
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| 3. |
- MacHuca, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Fiber access networks : Reliability and power consumption analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: ONDM 2011 - 15th Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling. - Bologna. - 9783901882425 ; , s. 5753402-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical access networks are being widely deployed due to their high capacity and scalability. The reliability of these networks is a key issue because of the impact of failures on both the number of interrupted services and significance of the service interruptions for the community. Consequently, the service interruption penalties that a network operator would need to pay are directly related to the network reliability performance. Nowadays, penalties are paid to business customers when the service interruption time is longer than the value of the Service Level Agreement agreed with the operator. However, the number of users requesting penalties increases, which has triggered the need of protection mechanisms in access networks. In this paper, the investments required to offer protection for different planning approaches will be compared for different optical access technologies (TDM, WDM, AON and P2P). The evaluation of the costs associated to each scenario such as infrastructure, equipment, power consumption, failure reparation etc. is presented. The overall cost reduction when investing on infrastructure protection is highlighted.
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