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- Csernok, E, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of capture ELISA for detection of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies directed against proteinase 3 in Wegener's granulomatosis: first results from a multicentre study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Rheumatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0332 .- 1460-2172. ; 43:2, s. 174-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the performance characteristics of direct and capture ELISA for the detection of PR3-ANCA in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) in international ANCA reference laboratories. Methods: Serum samples were derived from patients with histological and clinical diagnosis of WG (n = 60), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 30). Each of them was tested for the presence of ANCA by indirect immunofluorescence technique (IFT), direct and capture ELISA in six international reference laboratories (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Wieslab AB, Lund; University of Maastricht; University Hospital Groningen; Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Rheumaklinik Bad Bramstedt/University of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lubeck). Each centre tested the sera according to their house protocols of IFT and ELISA. The diagnostic performance of each test was estimated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and sensitivity and specificity in detection of ANCA/PR3-ANCA were calculated for the respective methods. Results: In patients histologically and clinically known as WG, the detection of ANCA by IFT varied between 52 and 83% among the participating centres. PR3-ANCA positivity with the different ELISAs ranged from 53 to 80% in direct ELISA and from 72 to 76% in capture ELISA. While most capture ELISAs successfully detected PR3-ANCA, there were significant differences between IFT and direct ELISA results between laboratories. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that in five of six laboratories the overall diagnostic performance of capture ELISA was superior to IFT and direct ELISA, respectively. Conclusion: Capture ELISA is a highly sensitive assay for detection of PR3-ANCA in WG and should be used in conjunction with compatible clinical picture and histological evidence.
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- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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