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- Lindgren, Mathilda, et al.
(författare)
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Meeting the New Challenges to International Mediation : Report from an international symposium at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, June 14-16, 2010
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The discussions of the Uppsala symposium on Mediation in June 2010 highlighted a number of issues novel either to researchers or to practitioners. The meeting was organized around eight such themes. In short, the discussions showed that there are selections effects which makes the evaluation of success in mediation very difficult (more difficult conflicts get more mediation attempts), and that a biased mediator or mediation mandating actor is not always negative. If a conflict is about the control of government or of a particular territory, this affects the mediation approach as well as the durability of the outcome and the following peacebuilding efforts. Mediation styles vary and may sometimes create, for instance, cultural problems for a mediator. Mandates can be constraining for the mediator, but also solve some problems in mediation. Building fruitful relations between researchers, practitioners and policy makers can generate more resources for mediation. The proliferation of mediation efforts in the same conflict raises new issues of coordination and involves the dangers of negative competition. External shocks are seldom considered in the literature, but may provide breakthroughs for mediations as well as ending such efforts. Outcomes of mediation are not only equal to reaching an agreement. The long-term peacebuilding effects of mediation provides for new challenges to mediation research and practice where the researchers may appear not only to be constructive collaborators for practitioners, but also turn into ‘myth busters’. This report puts some meat to these one-liners.
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- Wallensteen, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting the Right Targets : The UN Use of Individual Sanctions
- 2012
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Ingår i: Global Governance. - : Lynne Rienner. - 1075-2846 .- 1942-6720. ; 18:2, s. 207-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on the United Nations’ use of sanctions that target particular individuals. This practice is one of the smart sanctions that are standard UN strategy since the mid-1990s. It has given rise to a debate on human rights of those listed. This study is one of the first to analyze the ability of such sanctions to achieve compliance. The theory behind this strategy is identified, based on social and behavioral science insights. More than 400 individuals from eight non-terrorist cases since year 2000 are studied, based on publicly available information. They are studied with respect to their closeness to decision-making, demonstrating some flaws in the present application of such sanctions. Suggestions are made for a more focused UN targeting strategy.
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