| 1. |
- Bock, O., et al.
(författare)
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Use of GNSS Tropospheric Products for Climate Monitoring (Working Group 3)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advanced GNSS Tropospheric Products for Monitoring Severe Weather Events and Climate. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030139001 ; , s. 267-402
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There has been growing interest in recent years in the use of homogeneously reprocessed ground-based GNSS, VLBI, and DORIS measurements for climate applications. Existing datasets are reviewed and the sensitivity of tropospheric estimates to the processing details is discussed. The uncertainty in the derived IWV estimates and linear trends is around 1 kg m^2 RMS and ± 0.3 kg m^2 per decade, respectively. Standardized methods for ZTD outlier detection and IWV conversion are proposed. The homogeneity of final time series is limited however by changes in the stations equipment and environment. Various homogenization algorithms have been evaluated based on a synthetic benchmark dataset. The uncertainty of trends estimated from the homogenized times series is estimated to ±0.5 kg m^2 per decade. Reprocessed GNSS IWV data are analysed along with satellites data, reanalyses and global and regional climate model simulations. A selection of global and regional reprocessed GNSS datasets and ERA-interim reanalysis are made available through the GOP-TropDB tropospheric database and online service. A new tropo SINEX format, providing new features and simplifications, was developed and it is going to be adopted by all the IAG services.
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| 2. |
- Likus, W., et al.
(författare)
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Correlations between selected parameters of nasal cavity in neonates and young infants - computed tomography study
- 2016
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Ingår i: FOLIA MORPHOLOGICA. - : VIA MEDICA. - 0015-5659. ; 75:3, s. 334-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Correlations between selected metric parameters of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx in children without atresia may be useful for anticipating probable dimensions of this region in living subjects, in terms of changes with age. Materials and methods: One hundred and eighty children, age range 0-3 years, were divided into five age groups, and measurements of 18 distances between structures of nasal cavity and nosopharynx were performed on computed tomography scans. Correlation coefficients and relations between parameters have been determined. Results: Our study confirmed the existence of statistically significant correlations between linear dimensions within nasal cavity in children. The analysis demonstrated that for the values of following indexes: nasal septum length/piriform aperture width, and maximum length of the nasal septum/posterior nares width no statistically significant differences have been noted between age groups of children. All correlations have been positive. No statistically significant differences have been noted between the maximum width of the vomer and osseous parameters measured, both in the anterior and posterior part of the nasal cavity, and nasal septum length. Conclusions: The size of posterior nares changed with age in children by a constant value. So far, no such an analysis has been carried out assessing potential correlations between linear dimensions for the entire nasal cavity, nasopharynx, length of the nasal septum in children, as well as proportions of individual linear dimensions of the anatomical structures analysed, in various age groups.
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