| 1. |
- Bergqvist, Henrik, 1972, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of pragmatics in the definition of evidentiality
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Stuf-Language Typology and Universals. - 1867-8319 .- 2196-7148. ; 76:1, s. 1-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper argues that a definition of evidentiality as a linguistic notion should be based on the pragmatic properties of evidential forms and their distribution in spoken discourse. The prevailing definition of evidentiality as signaling "information source" is based on the idea that evidentials encode a solitary speaker's perception and cognitive processes, but this definition does not fit well with observations regarding the use and distribution of evidentials. A definition of evidentiality in terms of "information source" has largely disregarded evidentials in-use, which is especially true for typologically oriented studies of evidentiality. Recent descriptions of evidentials and evidential systems have shown that evidentials encode meanings related to ownership of knowledge, rather than information source and it is evident from such descriptions that social and interactional parameters are encoded in evidential forms. The attested semantic and pragmatic complexity of evidential systems constitutes an analytical challenge that the present paper aims to address.
|
|
| 2. |
- Grzech, Karolina, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Building trust on Zoom : A workflow for language documentation via videoconferencing software
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Language Documentation & Conservation. - 1934-5275. ; 16, s. 79-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic affected the capacity to conduct linguistic fieldwork in person. For many fieldworkers, this meant they needed to adapt, and do so urgently. This paper discusses a language documentation workflow based entirely on the online conferencing software Zoom, in which a linguist, external to the community, establishes a new project together with a native-speaker community member. The paper describes how such a working relationship can be built online, and accounts for all the steps of the authors' Zoom-mediated workflow in detail allowing for their replication. It also offers a critical appraisal of this workflow from the perspectives of both the native speaker and the researcher. To conclude, the authors summarise all the conditions necessary for a workflow like this one to be successful.
|
|
| 3. |
- Grzech, Karolina, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Divided we stand, unified we fall? The impact of standardisation onoral language varieties: a case study of Amazonian Kichwa
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Revista de Llengua i Dret. - 0212-5056 .- 2013-1453. ; :71, s. 123-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article adds to the discussion on standardisation of minority languages spoken in primarily oral cultures. Focusingon Amazonian Kichwa (Quechuan, lowland Ecuador), we show how the introduction of a written standard can undermine language transmission, prompt contradictory ideologies, and instil conflicting aims within speech communities. Our approach combines descriptive linguistics and ethnography. First, we examine the extent of variation within Amazonian Kichwa and compare the local varieties with the standard. We juxtapose this with the speakers’ perceptions of and attitudes towards variation, evidenced in their linguistic practices and discourse. We show that these perceptions have little to do with the features being standardised, but this does not preclude the speakers’ having clear attitudes towards what the perceived standard. To explain this, we propose that Amazonian Kichwa speakers value authenticity above mutual intelligibility, contrary to ideologies assigning value to languages as potential tools of wider communication. To conclude, we provide policy recommendations grounded in this study, but applicable to minoritised oral varieties in other contexts.
|
|
| 4. |
- Grzech, Karolina, 1985-
(författare)
-
Fieldwork on epistemic authority markers : What we can learn from different types of data
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Folia linguistica. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0165-4004 .- 1614-7308. ; 54:2, s. 405-445
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epistemicity in language encompasses various kinds of constructions and expressions that have to do with knowledge-related aspects of linguistic meaning (cf. Grzech, Karolina, Eva Schultze-Berndt and Henrik Bergqvist. 2020c. Knowing in interaction: an introduction. Folia Linguistica [this issue]). It includes some well-established categories, such as evidentiality and epistemic modality (Boye, Kasper. 2012. Epistemic meaning: A crosslinguistic and functional-cognitive study. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton), but also categories that have been less well described to-date. In this paper, I focus on one such category: the marking of epistemic authority, i.e. the encoding of “the right to know or claim” (Stivers, Tanya, Lorenza Mondada & Jakob Steensig. 2011b. Knowledge, morality and affiliation in social interaction. In ). I explore how the marking of epistemic authority can be documented and analysed in the context of linguistic fieldwork. The discussion is based on a case study of Upper Napo Kichwa, a Quechuan language spoken in the Ecuadorian Amazon that exhibits a rich paradigm of epistemic discourse markers, encoding meanings related to epistemic authority and distribution of knowledge between discourse participants. I describe and appraise the methodology for epistemic fieldwork used in the Upper Napo Kichwa documentation and description project. I give a detailed account of the different tools and methods of data collection, showing their strengths and weaknesses. I also discuss the decisions made at the different stages of the project and their implications for data collection and analysis. In discussing these issues, I extrapolate from the case study, proposing practical solutions for fieldwork-based research on epistemic markers.
|
|
| 5. |
- Grzech, Karolina, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Knowing in interaction : An introduction
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Folia linguistica. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0165-4004 .- 1614-7308. ; 54:2, s. 281-315
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides an introduction for the collection of methodologically oriented papers comprising this Special Issue. We define the concept of epistemicity as used in descriptive linguistics and discuss notions related to it – some well-established, some more recent – such as evidentiality, egophoricity, epistemic authority and engagement. We give a preliminary overview of the different types of epistemic marking attested in the languages of the world and discuss the recent developments in the field of epistemic research focussing on methodologies for investigating epistemic marking. In the second part of the paper, we focus on the more practical side of epistemic fieldwork; the types of data that can be used in documenting linguistic expressions of epistemicity and best practices for data collection. We discuss the experimental methods that are used in the description of epistemic systems, both those developed for this particular purpose and those adapted from other types of linguistic research. We provide a critical evaluation of those materials and stimuli and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we introduce the contributions to the Special Issue, discussing the languages studied by the authors of the contributions and the fieldwork methods they used in their research.
|
|
| 6. |
- Grzech, Karolina, 1985-
(författare)
-
Managing Common Ground with epistemic marking : ‘Evidential’ markers in Upper Napo Kichwa and their functions in interaction
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pragmatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-2166 .- 1879-1387. ; 168, s. 81-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article proposes that ‘evidential’ markers in Upper Napo Kichwa (Quechuan, Ecuador) are not in fact evidential, but mark epistemic distinctions related to ownership and distribution of knowledge in discourse. To demonstrate this, I analyse two Upper Napo Kichwa epistemic enclitics, =mi and =tá. I account for their distribution in the corpus, analysing the occurrences of the markers in situated language use. To provide a functional explanation for how the markers are used, I discuss the notion of ‘epistemic Common Ground management’. I postulate that it is relevant to how epistemic discourse strategies and marking systems are used in a variety of languages. Subsequently, I illustrate this claim with a case study, showing how ‘epistemic Common Ground management’ allows to account for the distribution of the Upper Napo Kichwa epistemic markers. Finally, I propose that looking at the formally divergent strategies from a common functional perspective enhances our understanding of how epistemic marking is used cross-linguistically.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Grzech, Karolina, 1985-
(författare)
-
Using discourse markers to negotiate epistemic stance : A view from situated language use
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pragmatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-2166 .- 1879-1387. ; 177, s. 208-223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, I analyse the usage of a discourse marker =mari, belonging to the epistemic paradigm attested in Upper Napo Kichwa (Quechuan, Ecuador). I show that the use of =mari indicates that the information is known well to the speaker, but also to some extent familiar to the addressee. In situated language use, the marker contributes to creating a knowing epistemic stance of the speaker. The analysis presented here is based on a 13-h documentary corpus of interactive Upper Napo Kichwa discourse, recorded on audio and video. For the purpose of the paper, the relevant utterances are analysed in their broad interactional context, including not only the surrounding text, but also relationships between the interlocutors, their shared life experience and possible shared knowledge derived from other sources. First, I analyse the semantic and pragmatic contribution of =mari to the conversational turn it occurs in, drawing on conversations extracted from the corpus. Following on from that, I show how tokens of =mari are situated in interactional sequences, and examine how the semantics/pragmatics of the clitic contributes to the discursive actions achieved by the turns which contain it.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
