| 1. |
- Li, Ka Lok, et al.
(författare)
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Seismicity of the Hengill area, SW Iceland : Details revealed by catalog relocation and collapsing
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-0273 .- 1872-6097. ; 376, s. 15-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spatial distribution of seismicity in the Hengill region, SW Iceland, is analyzed by relocation and collapsing. The Hengill region is a diffuse triple junction with volcano-tectonic activity associated with rifting, tectonic activity on a transecting transform and induced seismicity due to drilling and injection of fluid into geothermal fields. The Icelandic Meteorological Office has compiled 114,000 events over a 20-year period within an area of approximately 600 km2. The events in their catalog are relocated by application of empirical travel-time tables using a non-linear location strategy. The relocations are then redone applying a Bayesian inversion using the catalog event density as a prior. Finally, they are collapsed using the same catalog density as an attractor. We show that this catalog processing reproduces details of the spatial pattern of seismicity that independently emerges from relative relocations of a small subset of the catalog events (swarm activity). In particular, the predominant faulting orientations are reproduced in different parts of the region and the depth distribution of events resembles that obtained by dense deployments in the area. Its depth extent varies between 5 and 7 km in the northern part of the region, where volcanic processes dominate, and between 7 and 8 km in the southern part, where tectonic deformation is predominant. Induced seismicity is shallower than adjacent natural seismicity. An intriguing lineation emerges in the lateral distribution of inferred depth to the brittle-ductile transition in the northern volcanic part of the region, which is parallel to the strike of the fissure swarms in the area. Associating this transition with an isotherm (650 °C), the Hengill volcanic system and its fissure swarm appear to be considerably cooler than the Hrómundartindur system. This may relate to a recent intrusion into the latter or more efficient cooling in the Hengill fissure swarm due to deeper penetrating permeability. In both cases this has potential consequences for geothermal exploitation in the area.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Arner, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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CPUP - årsrapport 2007
- 2007
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Detta är den andra årsrapporten för CPUP (Uppföljningsprogram för cerebral pares) som nationellt kvalitetsregister.
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| 4. |
- Fjalldal, Sigridur B., et al.
(författare)
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Smoking, stages of change and decisional balance in Iceland and Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Clinical Respiratory Journal. - 1752-6981. ; 5:2, s. 76-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Smoking remains a significant health problem. Smoking interventions are important but selection of successful quitters can be difficult. Objective: To characterise smokers with emphasis on two constructs of the transtheoretical model, the stages of change and decisional balance. Methods: A random sample from adults aged 40 and over in Reykjavik, Iceland, and Uppsala, Sweden. Smokers were defined as being in the stage of pre-contemplation (not thinking of quitting within the next 6 months), contemplation (thinking of quitting within the next 6 months) or preparation (thinking of quitting within the next 30 days, having managed to quit for at least 24 h within the last 12 months). Results: A total of 226 participants were smokers: 72 (32%) were in the pre-contemplation stage, 126 (56%) in the contemplation stage and 28 (12%) in the preparation stage. A younger age, higher body mass index (BMI) and higher educational level were significantly related to being in a more advanced stage. A significant association was observed between decisional balance and stages of change such that decreased importance of the positive aspects of smoking and increased importance of the negative aspects of smoking were independently associated with an increased readiness to quit. Conclusion: The motivated smoker is likely to be young and educated with an above average BMI. A smoker in the contemplation stage is likely to maintain the negative aspects of smoking at a high level. Decreasing the value of the pros of smoking may facilitate the shift towards the stage of preparation.
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| 5. |
- Grubb, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Abnormal Metabolism of γ-Trace Alkaline Microprotein : The Basic Defect in Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis
- 1984
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793. ; 311:24, s. 1547-1549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALTHOUGH the total incidence of cerebral hemorrhage is high, comparatively few reports concerning the familial occurrence of this disease have been published.1,2 In 1935 Arnason described 10 families with a high incidence of cerebral hemorrhage and concluded that a hereditary form of the disease was present in these families.3 Further clinicopathological investigations of the disease revealed an autosomal dominant inheritance and a connection between the disease and a special form of amyloidosis confined to the cerebral vasculature.4 This type of cerebral hemorrhage is therefore generally referred to as hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis. Recently, the fibrillar components of the amyloid.
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| 6. |
- Grubb, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Immunohistochemical characterization of the amyloid deposits and quantitation of pertinent cerebrospinal fluid proteins in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
- 1987
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Ingår i: Stroke. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 18:2, s. 431-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cystatin C, a protein inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteinases, was demonstrated by immunohistochemical techniques to be present in the birefringent amyloid deposits of the small arteries in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and leptomeninges of 10 Icelandic individuals with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis. Specimens from other organs were investigated in one of the patients, and amyloid angiopathy characterized by an immunoreactivity of cystatin C was found in a submandibular lymph node. No immunoreactivity of amyloid fibril protein AA, kappa or lambda immunoglobulin light chain, or prealbumin was observed. Significantly low cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of cystatin C were found in all 9 investigated individuals with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis. The concentrations of beta 2-microglobulin, albumin, and IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid were within normal limits. Isoelectric focusing showed that cystatin C from the cerebrospinal fluid of 9 patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis had an isoelectric point identical to that of normal individuals. This investigation demonstrates that hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis may be diagnosed by two laboratory methods: immunohistochemical investigation of cystatin C in brain tissue specimens and quantitation of cystatin C in cerebrospinal fluid.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Gudmundsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term survival in patients hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : a prospective observational study in the Nordic countries
- 2012
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 7, s. 571-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIM:Mortality rate is high in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our aim was to investigate long-term mortality and associated risk factors in COPD patients previously hospitalized for a COPD exacerbation.METHODS:A total of 256 patients from the Nordic countries were followed for 8.7 ± 0.4 years after the index hospitalization in 2000-2001. Prior to discharge, the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire was administered and data on therapy and comorbidities were obtained. Information on long-term mortality was obtained from national registries in each of the Nordic countries.RESULTS:In total, 202 patients (79%) died during the follow up period, whereas 54 (21%) were still alive. Primary cause of death was respiratory (n = 116), cardiovascular (n = 43), malignancy (n = 28), other (n = 10), or unknown (n = 5). Mortality was related to older age, with a hazard risk ratio (HRR) of 1.75 per 10 years, lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) (HRR 0.80), body mass index (BMI) <20 kg/m(2) (HRR 3.21), and diabetes (HRR 3.02). Older age, lower BMI, and diabetes were related to both respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. An association was also found between lower FEV(1) and respiratory mortality, whereas mortality was not significantly associated with therapy, anxiety, or depression.CONCLUSION:Almost four out of five patients died within 9 years following an admission for COPD exacerbation. Increased mortality was associated with older age, lower lung function, low BMI, and diabetes, and these factors should be taken into account when making clinical decisions about patients who have been admitted to hospital for a COPD exacerbation.
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| 9. |
- Gudmundsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality in COPD patients discharged from hospital : the role of treatment and co-morbidity
- 2006
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Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 7, s. 109-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to analyse mortality and associated risk factors, with special emphasis on health status, medications and co-morbidity, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) that had been hospitalized for acute exacerbation.Methods: This prospective study included 416 patients from each of the five Nordic countries that were followed for 24 months. The St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was administered. Information on treatment and co-morbidity was obtained.Results: During the follow-up 122 (29.3%) of the 416 patients died. Patients with diabetes had an increased mortality rate [HR = 2.25 (1.28 - 3.95)]. Other risk factors were advanced age, low FEV1 and lower health status. Patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids and/or long-acting beta-2-agonists had a lower risk of death than patients using neither of these types of treatment.Conclusion: Mortality was high after COPD admission, with older age, decreased lung function, lower health status and diabetes the most important risk factors. Treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators may be associated with lower mortality in patients with COPD.
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