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| 2. |
- Gunnarsson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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No radiation protection reasons for restrictions on C-14 urea breath tests in children.
- 2002
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Ingår i: British Journal of Radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 1748-880X .- 0007-1285. ; 75:900, s. 982-986
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditional 14C urea breath tests are normally not used for younger children because the radiation exposure is unknown. High sensitivity accelerator mass spectrometry and an ultra-low amount (440 Bq) of 14C urea were therefore used both to diagnose Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in seven children, aged 3–6 years, and to make radiation dose estimates. The activity used was 125 times lower than the amount normally used for older children and 250 times lower than that used for adults. Results were compared with previously reported biokinetic and dosimetric data for adults and older children aged 7–14 years. 14C activity concentrations in urine and exhaled air per unit administered activity for younger children (3–6 years) correspond well with those for older children (7–14 years). For a child aged 3–6 years who is HP negative, the urinary bladder wall receives the highest absorbed dose, 0.3 mGy MBq-1. The effective dose is 0.1 mSv MBq-1 for the 3-year-old child and 0.07 mSv MBq-1 for the 6-year-old child. For two children, the 10 min and 20 min post-14C administration samples of exhaled air showed a significantly higher amount of 14C activity than for the rest of the children, that is 6% and 19% of administered activity exhaled per hour compared with 0.3–0.9% (mean 0.5%) of administered activity exhaled per hour indicating that these two children that is were HP positive. For a 3-year-old HP positive child, absorbed dose to the urinary bladder wall was 0.3 mGy MBq-1 and effective dose per unit of administered activity was 0.4 mSv MBq-1. Using 55 kBq, which is a normal amount for older children when liquid scintillation counters are used for measurement, the effective dose will be approximately 6 µSv to a 3-year-old HP negative child and 20 µSv to a HP positive child. Thus there is no reason for restrictions on performing a normal 14C urea breath test, even on young children.
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| 3. |
- Abul-Kasim, Kasim, et al.
(författare)
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Low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) in the perioperative workup of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 19, s. 610-618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aims were to estimate the radiation dose in patients examined with low dose spine CT and to compare it with that received by patients undergoing standard CT for trauma of the same region, as well as to evaluate the impact of dose reduction on image quality. Radiation doses in 113 consecutive low dose spine CTs were compared with those in 127 CTs for trauma. The inter- and intraobserver agreement in measurements of pedicular width, and vertebral rotation, measurements of signal-to-noise ratio and assessment of hardware status were the indicators in the evaluation of image quality. The effective dose of the low dose spine CT (0.37 mSv) was 20 times lower than that of a standard CT for trauma (13.09 mSv). This dose reduction conveyed no impact on image quality. This low dose spine CT protocol allows detailed evaluation that is necessary for preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation.
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| 5. |
- Abul-Kasim, Kasim, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of Radiation Exposure and Image Quality of the Cone-beam O-arm Intraoperative Imaging System in Spinal Surgery.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Spinal Disorders and Techniques. - 1539-2465. ; 25:1, s. 52-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To optimize the radiation doses and image quality for the cone-beam O-arm surgical imaging system in spinal surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND: Neurovascular compromise has been reported after screw misplacement during thoracic pedicle screw insertion. The use of O-arm with or without navigation system during spinal surgery has been shown to lower the rate of screw misplacement. The main drawback of such imaging surgical systems is the high radiation exposure. METHODS: Chest phantom and cadaveric pig spine were examined on the O-arm with different scan settings: 2 were recommended by the O-arm manufacturer (120 kV/320 mAs, and 120 kV/128 mAs), and 3 low-dose settings (80 kV/80 mAs, 80 kV/40 mAs, and 60 kV/40 mAs). The radiation doses were estimated by Monte Carlo calculations. Objective evaluation of image quality included interobserver agreement in the measurement of pedicular width in chest phantom and assessment of screw placement in cadaveric pig spine. RESULTS: The effective dose/cm for 120 kV/320 mAs scan was 13, 26, and 69 times higher than those delivered with 80 kV/80 mAs, 80 kV/40 mAs, and 60 kV/40 mAs scans, respectively. Images with 60 kV/40 mAs were unreliable. Images with 80 kV/80 mAs were considered reliable with good interobserver agreement when measuring the pedicular width (random error 0.38 mm and intraclass correlation coefficient 0.979) and almost perfect agreement when evaluating the screw placement (κ value 0.86). CONCLUSIONS: The radiation doses of the O-arm system can be reduced 5 to 13 times without negative impact on image quality with regard to information required for spinal surgery.
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| 6. |
- Abul-Kasim, Kasim, et al.
(författare)
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Radiation dose optimization in CT planning of corrective scoliosis surgery. A phantom study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Neuroradiology Journal. ; 21:3, s. 374-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to explore the possibility of obtaining a helical CT scan of a long segment of vertebral column, optimally reduce the radiation dose, compare the radiation dose of the low dose helical CT with that of some of the CT protocols used in clinical practice and finally assess the impact of such a dose reduction on the image quality. A chest phantom was examined with a 16-slice CT scanner. Six scans were performed with different radiation doses. The lowest radiation dose which had no impact on image quality with regard to the information required for surgical planning of patients with scoliosis, was 20 times lower than that of routinely used protocol for CT examination of the spine in children (0.38 mSv vs 7.76 mSv). Patients with scoliosis planned for corrective spinal surgery can be examined with low dose helical CT scan. The dose reduction systems (DRS) available in modern CT scanners contribute to dose reduction and should be used.
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| 7. |
- Al-Okshi, Ayman, et al.
(författare)
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Effective dose of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the facial skeleton : a systematic review
- 2015
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Ingår i: British Journal of Radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 0007-1285 .- 1748-880X. ; 88:1045
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To estimate effective dose of cone beam CT (CBCT) of the facial skeleton with focus on measurement methods and scanning protocols. Methods: A systematic review, which adhered to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) Statement, of the literature up to April 2014 was conducted. Data sources included MEDLINE®, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science. A model was developed to underpin data extraction from 38 included studies. Results: Technical specifications of the CBCT units were insufficiently described. Heterogeneity in measurement methods and scanning protocols between studies made comparisons of effective doses of different CBCT units and scanning protocols difficult. Few studies related doses to image quality. Reported effective dose varied across studies, ranging between 9.7 and 197.0 mSv for field of views (FOVs) with height #5cm, between 3.9 and 674.0 mSv for FOVs of heights 5.1–10.0 cm and between 8.8 and 1073.0 mSv for FOVs .10 cm. There was an inconsistency regarding reported effective dose of studies of the same CBCT unit with the same FOV dimensions. Conclusion: The review reveals a need for studies on radiation dosages related to image quality. Reporting quality of future studies has to be improved to facilitate comparison of effective doses obtained from examinations with different CBCT units and scanning protocols. A model with minimum data set on important parameters based on this observation is proposed. Advances in knowledge: Data important when estimating effective dose were insufficiently reported in most studies. A model with minimum data based on this observation is proposed. Few studies related effective dose to image quality.
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| 9. |
- Alegret, Joan, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Plasmonic properties of silver trimers with trigonal symmetry fabricated by electron-beam lithography
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 112:37, s. 14313-14317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the dipolar plasmon modes of nanoparticle trimers formed by three equal silver disks of diameter D = 100 nm located on the vertexes of an equilateral triangle. Samples were fabricated by electron-beam lithography and studied experimentally by dark-field spectroscopy. The results are found to be in good agreement with electrodynamical simulations based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA). Similar to nanoparticle dimers, the trimer system exhibits two hybridized dipole resonances to the red and to the blue of the single particle resonance. However, the far-field spectra are polarization-insensitive for light incident normal to the plane of the trimer, and the peak shifts, which occur as the edge-to-edge distance d between the particles decrease, are smaller than for dimers. Moreover, we find that the dipolar displacement patterns are well described by linear combinations of bonding and antibonding symmetry adapted coordinates obtained through symmetry analysis based on the ideal D-3h point-group.
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