| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(author)
-
Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
-
In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
|
|
| 2. |
- Guillemain, Matthieu, et al.
(author)
-
Effects of climate change on European ducks : what do we know and what do we need to know?
- 2013
-
In: Wildlife Biology. - : Nordic Council of Wildlife Research. - 0909-6396 .- 1903-220X. ; 19:4, s. 404-419
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The consequences of climate change for bird populations have received much attention in recent decades, especially amongst cavity-nesting songbirds, yet little has been written on ducks (Anatidae) despite these being major elements of wetland diversity and important quarry species. This paper reviews the major known consequences of climate change for birds in general, and relates these to the limited information available specifically for ducks. Climate change can influence migration distance and phenology, potentially affecting patterns of mortality, as well as distribution and reproductive success in ducks. Studies addressing effects of climate change are, however, restricted to very few duck species, including mallardAnas platyrhynchos and common eider Somateria mollissima. Shifts in winter duck distributions have been observed, whereas the mismatch hypothesis (mistiming between the periods of peak energy requirements for young and the peak of seasonal food availability) has received limited support with regard to ducks. We propose a range of monitoring initiatives, including population surveys, breeding success monitoring schemes and individual duck marking, which should later be integrated through population modelling and adaptive management to fill these gaps.
|
|
| 3. |
- Guillemain, Matthieu, et al.
(author)
-
Effects of climate change on European ducks: what do we know and what do we need to know?
- 2013
-
In: Wildlife Biology. - : Wiley. - 0909-6396 .- 1903-220X. ; 19:4, s. 404-419
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The consequences of climate change for bird populations have received much attention in recent decades, especially amongst cavity-nesting songbirds, yet little has been written on ducks (Anatidae) despite these being major elements of wetland diversity and important quarry species. This paper reviews the major known consequences of climate change for birds in general, and relates these to the limited information available specifically for ducks. Climate change can influence migration distance and phenology, potentially affecting patterns of mortality, as well as distribution and reproductive success in ducks. Studies addressing effects of climate change are, however, restricted to very few duck species, including mallard Anas platyrhynchos and common eider Somateria mollissima. Shifts in winter duck distributions have been observed, whereas the mismatch hypothesis (mistiming between the periods of peak energy requirements for young and the peak of seasonal food availability) has received limited sup-port with regard to ducks. We propose a range of monitoring initiatives, including population surveys, breeding success monitoring schemes and individual duck marking, which should later be integrated through population modelling and adaptive management to fill these gaps.
|
|
| 4. |
- Rodríguez-Varela, Ricardo, et al.
(author)
-
The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present
- 2023
-
In: Cell. - : Elsevier. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 186:1, s. 32-46
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate a 2,000-year genetic transect through Scandinavia spanning the Iron Age to the present, based on 48 new and 249 published ancient genomes and genotypes from 16,638 modern individuals. We find regional variation in the timing and magnitude of gene flow from three sources: the eastern Baltic, the British-Irish Isles, and southern Europe. British-Irish ancestry was widespread in Scandinavia from the Viking period, whereas eastern Baltic ancestry is more localized to Gotland and central Sweden. In some regions, a drop in current levels of external ancestry suggests that ancient immigrants contributed proportionately less to the modern Scandinavian gene pool than indicated by the ancestry of genomes from the Viking and Medieval periods. Finally, we show that a north-south genetic cline that characterizes modern Scandinavians is mainly due to the differential levels of Uralic ancestry and that this cline existed in the Viking Age and possibly earlier.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Chen, Jingjing, 1982, et al.
(author)
-
Influence of White LO Noise on Wideband Communication
- 2018
-
In: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. - 0018-9480 .- 1557-9670. ; 66:7, s. 3349-3359
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Applying a spectrally efficient modulation to a wideband signal provides an extremely high data rate potential in millimeter-wave communication. In reality, wideband systems, as reported in open literature, typically suffer from insufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and thus are not able to support high-order modulation. In a recent experimental study, we have identified that a high noise floor from frequency-multiplied local oscillator (LO) sources is a major data rate limitation in wideband systems. In this paper, we present a detailed study with a mathematical model to describe the influence of the LO noise on a communication signal through frequency conversion. Followed by experimental investigations using multigigabit 64-quadrature amplitude modulation signals, measurements are performed at frequency up- and down-conversions. Both cases show SNR degradation on the frequency-converted signals as the corresponding LO noise floor increases. We provide experimental proof that the nature of the LO noise floor is white, with nearly the same amount of phase and amplitude noises. Various ways to reduce the white LO noise floor through the new hardware design are discussed providing design requirements and considerations.
|
|
| 7. |
- Marcello, Andrea, et al.
(author)
-
Circulating immune complexes of A beta and IgM in plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease
- 2009
-
In: Journal of neural transmission. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 116:7, s. 913-920
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It has previously been shown that immune complexes (IC) of a given biomarker with class M immunoglobulins (IgM) provide better performances compared to the unbound biomarker in a number of cancer entities. In the present work, we investigated IC of IgM-Abeta as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abeta-IgM concentration has been measured in 75 plasma samples from patients with AD, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy age- and sex-matched controls (HC). To characterize the fractions associated with Abeta, pooled plasma samples were subjected to gel-filtration analysis. Size-separated fractions were analyzed for the presence of Abeta using a sandwich ELISA assay. A strong reactivity was observed in the high molecular weight IgM (>500 kDa) and 150 kDa (IgG) fractions indicating that blood Abeta is strongly associated with antibodies. Using an ELISA assay detecting Abeta-IgM complexes, we observed that high levels of Abeta-IgMs were detectable in HC and MCI patients; however, there was no significant difference to the AD group.
|
|
| 8. |
- Marcello, Andrea, et al.
(author)
-
Reduced levels of IgM autoantibodies against N-truncated pyroglutamate Abeta in plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease
- 2011
-
In: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 32:8, s. 1379-1387
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the present work, we investigated the level of IgM autoantibodies directed against different Abeta epitopes as potential diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Anti-Abeta autoantibody levels were measured in 75 plasma samples from patients with AD, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy age- and sex-matched controls (HC). To validate the presence of anti-Abeta IgMs, pooled plasma samples were subjected to gel-filtration analysis. The mean level of pGluAbeta-IgM (N-terminal truncated starting at position three with pyroglutamate) was significantly decreased in AD patients as compared to HC. In the group of MCI patients there was a significant positive correlation between pGluAbeta-IgM and cognitive decline analyzed by MMSE (rho=0.58, d.f.=13, p=0.022). These observations indicate that the level of IgM autoantibodies against pGluAbeta is a promising plasma biomarker for AD and correlates with the cognitive status of individuals at risk to develop AD.
|
|
| 9. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(author)
-
- 2019
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 10. |
- AbdGawad, Mohamed, et al.
(author)
-
Decreased Neutrophil Apoptosis in Quiescent ANCA-Associated Systemic Vasculitis
- 2012
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 7:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: ANCA-Associated Systemic Vasculitis (AASV) is characterized by leukocytoclasis, accumulation of unscavenged apoptotic and necrotic neutrophils in perivascular tissues. Dysregulation of neutrophil cell death may contribute directly to the pathogenesis of AASV. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: Neutrophils from Healthy Blood Donors (HBD), patients with AASV most in complete remission, Polycythemia Vera (PV), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and renal transplant recipients (TP) were incubated in vitro, and the rate of spontaneous apoptosis was measured by FACS. Plasma levels of cytokines and sFAS were measured with cytometric bead array and ELISA. Expression of pro/anti-apoptotic factors, transcription factors C/EBP-alpha, C/EBP-beta and PU.1 and inhibitors of survival/JAK2-pathway were measured by real-time-PCR. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: AASV, PV and RA neutrophils had a significantly lower rate of apoptosis compared to HBD neutrophils (AASV 50 +/- 14% vs. HBD 64 +/- 11%, p andlt; 0.0001). In RA but not in AASV and PV, low apoptosis rate correlated with increased plasma levels of GM-CSF and high mRNA levels of anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-2A1 and Mcl-1. AASV patients had normal levels of G-CSF, GM-CSF and IL-3. Both C/EBP-alpha, C/EBP-beta were significantly higher in neutrophils from AASV patients than HBD. Levels of sFAS were significantly higher in AASV compared to HBD. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: Neutrophil apoptosis rates in vitro are decreased in AASV, RA and PV but mechanisms seem to differ. Increased mRNA levels of granulopoiesis-associated transcription factors and increased levels of sFAS in plasma were observed in AASV. Additional studies are required to define the mechanisms behind the decreased apoptosis rates, and possible connections with accumulation of dying neutrophils in regions of vascular lesions in AASV patients.
|
|
